Daily Social Responsibility in Action Assignment

Daily Social Responsibility in Action - Assignment shellThe involved actions in hearty responsibility may not necessarily remedy the actual personal effects on the society but aim achieving an overall social benefit. Organizations also engage in social responsibility in order to meet interest of people who influence the plaques populace and operations. Partnerships and other contracts may for example be tied to terms for corporate social responsibility and this forces organization to honor their obligations to the stakeholders (Grossling, 2011). Another reason for organizations participation in social responsibility is that the function averts pressure that would have built against the organizations interest such as crimes into vandalism of assets (Visser, Matten, Pohl and Tolhurst, 2010).Organizations condescend diversified benefits from their participation in social responsibility. Such benefits include reduced costs due to recycled resources, transition into new products, motivated staff and a safer environment. The organizations employees however benefit from environmental awareness, and alter staff morale towards higher output levels (Frank and Neergaard, 2012, p. 86).My experience with a company that involved in corporate social responsibility involves witnessing academic sponsorship by a commercial bank to needy students. The banks partners initiated this role and it improved customers loyalty to the bank, especially people from the beneficiary

To what extent do David Hockney and Chuck Close adopt traditional and Dissertation

To what extent do David Hockney and Chuck finishing adopt traditional and digital processes in their elegant crafts practice - Dissertation ExampleTherefore, it is important to understand how a piece of give-up the ghost becomes a piece of maneuver, and to what purpose that label provides to society. One of the first tools that provided this narrowing of the gap between the workman and the artisan is the camera. Photographic art is defined by parameters that society has set in order to assign quantify to one photograph over a nonher. However, people from all walks of life and with a variety of intentions have cameras and give in photographs, some sharing aspects of artistic quality of those taken by people whose work is considered art. Therefore, it is sometimes problematic to create definitive separations between those who delectation the same types of equipment and create the same kinds of work. Two artists that send away be used to discuss the development of digital a rt are Chuck Close and David Hockney. Chuck Close imitates the digital sour, his paintings recreating the digital world by means of painstaking techniques that create startling realism. One of the finest examples of digital art that can be seen through the manipulation of photographic images is in the work of David Hockney. The narrative that is created through his form of collage he called joiners creates a think overion of cubism, the individual pieces of the work creating a sense of communication. Defining Art The digital world is a place where the amateur has been granted the opportunity to create work that is as expressive as the professional, artistic creations being made with the need for technical skills, at least in the way of tangible elements being put into the works, eliminated and replaced with user friendly tools. Most people have embraced the use of computer technologies, meaning that now almost anyone has the capacity to create art without having to brush paint, form clay, or construct true form. The virtual world is a malleable place which recreates the imagery of three mark or go forths for the manipulation of elements and forms. This means that not only the concept of a true artist is in contrast to a crafter has been permanently blurred, but it means that much of the physical needs of the artist can possibly be replaced with a medium that strips away the need for physical skill, replacing it with intellectually learned skills, the medium diminishing the need to know how to manipulate the real. A digital environment abstracts the fallibility of the homo stroke against the canvas and replaces it with an opportunity for perfection. Creating art in a digital world can allow the artist to bypass some of the frustrations that can occur when the creation isnt reflecting the vision so that the intent of the work can more easily and readily come through to the viewer. Digital art can also allow the artist to take what could not be rendered to perfect expression and refine it to reflect the intended vision. When the human mechanics can not create something that has the nuance that a digital work has, then the artist must consider to the use of digital enhancement to create what is envisioned. The artist is given a broader number of tools in which to manipulate his expressions, those tools requiring a different type of technical knowledge that was not in previous history available. The artists skills are relevant in a different way, not through his or her expertise with simple tools, but with his or her ability to use common tools of the technical age. What impart define the artist

Experimental research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Experimental - Research Paper Example peck see scintillateing, where male to female winking is seen or so to highly offensive and pretty uncomfortable, somewhat negative, and somewhat rude, as well as male to male winking.My findings showed that when a female is winking to a female, it did non make females uncomfortable and they felt up highly comfortable instead (n=4). They found it unusual though (n=3), just not offensive (n=4). They excessively found the wink very friendly (n=4), compared to when a male winked at them. They also found the winking somewhat polite (n=3), as if a secret is being shared. These females fantasy that winking means that there is a secret or joke going on (n=3), soon to be revealed, or just plain silly (n=1). They did not feel the same when males wink at them. When a male winked at them, they found it somewhat normal (n=3), but somewhat offensive (n=4). They were also somewhat uncomfortable (n=4), but a very friendly wink made them feel little un comfortable (n=4). They found the male who winked at them somewhat unfriendly (n=4), but a friendly wink perception made them see the male as somewhat friendly (n=4). The winking was also somewhat rude (n=3) to very rude (n=1). They think that the winker meant some rudeness or flirtation in one or two words (n=4). These outcomes suggest that gender is important in reading non-verbal talk practices. Male to female winking is generally usual, but it makes women altogether uncomfortable too.Males found females winking to them more(prenominal) acceptable than when males do it, and the friendlier it is, the more the winking was seen as uncomfortable. Males winking to males found it somewhat unusual and highly offensive (n=4), but when females do it, they found it somewhat unusual (n=4), but completely harmless(prenominal) (n=4). Males felt somewhat uncomfortable when males wink at them (n=3), though somewhat friendly (n=3) winks made the wink less harmless (n=3). Males winking at males found it somewhat negative (n=3) to highly negative (n=1),

Power and Privilege in Conflict Resolution Essay

Power and Privilege in Conflict Resolution - Essay ExampleIn his condition Power and Conflicts, Coleman clearly outlines how great actor is related to conflict resolution. According to him, there atomic number 18 different shipway of defining causality which could be power over, power with and dependence and power slight. He says that in conflict resolution, when angiotensin converting enzyme of the conflicting parties feels that the solution that is reached gives the other party power over them, the resolution is non satisfactory. This means that the equivalent kind of conflict is likely to arise in future. In order to reach a relentless resolution, competition should not be created in resolving conflicts, and the parties involved should not feel like they be in a win-lose position. There should be more emphasis on promoting cooperation, independent power and overlap power. It is also evident that the heap who possess power have a tendency to justify having this power a nd using it in the manner that they feel fit. They are also not willing to share this power with those they perceive to be powerless. The parties with low power on the other hand are likely to confront discontent ment with their situation and are shortsighted. They in most cases roll their discontentment to people who have less power than them (Coleman 12). This ruins their chances of world empowered and makes it even harder for the conflicts to be decided. It is only through coalition building and cooperation where power is neutralized that conflicts can be resolved completely. Privileges also play a vital role in conflict resolution since they give power to the privileged and take power from the underprivileged. In dealing with conflicts that mystify with one party having power over the others because of one being privileged, there are certain things that contract to be considered. For instance, gender equality has been a source of conflict for many years. Women complain of n ot being equally treated in education, work and other situation. Dealing with this kind of situation would require that the men acknowledge the fact that they are privileged and accept to lose some of the privileges in order to resolve the conflict (McIntosh 3). This is because in most cases, although it may be universally acknowledged that women are under-privileged, men would not agree to the fact that they are privileged. This could be the reason why we are still very distant away from dealing with the issue of gender equality. The question of truth and morality is an intricate one and it is important to understand this relationship in conflict resolution. This is especially based on the fact that a mortal may have wrong motives but his actions lead to good results while another one may have good intention but the ends become terrible. Truth is thus the harsh reality that people have to live with while morality is judged in terms of good intentions (Kriesberg, 3). Truth and m orality are related to conflict resolution in the sense that morality and truth seeks to social justice and reconciliation and conflict resolutions are part of this quest. Take the example of the situation where single mothers who do not

Answer 2 question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer 2 question - Essay standardAccording to Schneider (2011), checks may be unsafe because merchants handling checks usually get access to individual mark number, names, and other contact information that may make it easy to perpetrate device. Moreover, when checks are processed as electronic debits, merchants have access to personal account that may give them chance to make unofficial deductions. In addition, compared to the debit cards that only require a four digit PIN, checks usually pick out signatures, which may be easily imitated by a third party.On the other hand, when an account pallbearer or signatory to the check gets serious accidents that, they cannot sign the checks it is obvious that the checks cannot work because there may be issues of mismatch in signatures. Not all merchants because of payment delays and possibility of bounced checks may accept checks (Schneider, 2011). Keeping absolute financial record may is very cumbersome and time consuming especially when dealing with scratch checks because they normally leave paper trails that the account owner must follow in case of fraud or theft. Reconciling the bank statement with the canceled checks is not an easy task.Schneider (2011) explains that phishing has been rampant in the recent age as expert criminals turn to the huge amount of money involved in the online payment systems. The proficiency that involves committing fraud against clients of online business is common amongst financial institutions whose customers expect high degree of security. The basic structure of a phishing attack sees an attacker sending e-mail messages to several recipients who may be account holders at the targeted vane site such as PayPal or Skrill. The messages that also include some links that appear as the link to the login Web site, normally informs the recipients that their accounts have been compromised and that they should log in to the account to correct the issue.Instead, the links

Economic Performance of UK Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic Performance of UK - Coursework ExampleUKs delivery is experiencing slower growth as during 2007, it recorded a received GDP growth of 3.1% however, and the same has been recorded at 1.0% payable to non bad(p) increase in inflation. (Economist.com 2008). UKs inflation touched 3.8% in 2008 whereas its budget balance also widened to negative 3.8% suggesting the event that all is not strong for the UK economy.Many critics believed that in collection to arrest the rising inflationary trends in the country, the monetary authorities in the country shall increase interest rates whereas some believed that in order to reduce the impact of recession, UKs monetary authorities shall lower interest rates so that economy fuel be put on right track.This paper will discuss both the options i.e. increase or decreasing the interest rates to control inflation or avoid recession and will typify a comprehensive analysis of both the options in order to provide a conclusive good word of which option to exercise.The economy of UK is second largest economy in EU after Germany and fifth largest economy in the world. ... The key economic indicators suggested improvement as UK economy thrived on increasing consumer spending however, due to increasing spending UK economy witnessed growing increase in its consumer price index.IMF, during 2007, revised its economic forecasts for the UK economy due to its improved performance and termed it impressive as during last five years i.e. 2003 to 2007, it recorded an average real growth rate of 2.8%. (BBC.com 2007). The economic growth however is mostly dominated by the service sphere of influence with major contribution being made by financial services, food chains, healthcare as well as real estate. Further, the Agriculture sector is also significantly contributing towards the GDP of the country as it meets almost 60% food demand of the country. (Economywatch.com 2008)It is also however important to note that the performance of GBP punting sterling is also declining over the past few years, mainly due to strong performance of Euro against major currencies and the fact that most of the trade within EU region is dominated by Euro. The recent developments, particularly in the later half of the year 2008 however suggest that all is not well with UKs economy as it is experiencing serious challenges ahead due to the spread of subprime mortgage crises originating from US.The hold sector in UK thrived on the loose regulatory environment which allowed lenders to make lending into areas which were not considered as bankable under conventionality circumstances. UK also experienced the same economic bubble in its housing sector as not only the prices of the housing units dramatically increased but also the overall flow of credit to the housing sector increased too. This not only made bankers

Dance Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

trip the light fantastic toe Critique - Essay ExampleThey exhibited a high degree of professionalism and this could clearly be seen in the techniques utilize by them. On the technical side, the design and lighting of stage was quite apt and set the well(p) mood for the show. The costumes of the dancers complemented each other with the main duo wearing a pretext that contrasted well with the color worn by the rest of the group.The title of the put up is the introduction to the Allegro Brillante which opens with a brief encounter of the two main dancers in a stylistic entry. The stage seemed a bit small and restricted but the dancers did not seem to show it. The rest of the dance was an interweaving of the whole group, alternating between the girls and the boys and eventually ends with a flourish as they dance lissomely with their partners with nimble footwork.All the dancers exuded high energy as they flitted, jumped, twirled or tiptoed with nimble and graceful steps. The mus ic too was very apt and effective as it had the uniform energy exhibited by the performers. The costumes suited the high energy on stage and were not only spiritless but lent itself to the flow of music and dance. The dancers were well trained and this could be clearly seen in the techniques utilize by them which looked graceful and appealing.The aesthetic ability of all the performers was brought out through their facial expressions that portrayed the emotions embed in the atom. The background of the stage was a dull blue with a single dull billet that was flashed on the center of the backdrop. The stage area was well lit with soft white lights that accentuated the costumes and movements of the dancers.The second piece I choose to critique in the Allegro Brillante is the solo performance by Maria Tallchief. The choreographing for this piece was highly technical with a lot of twists and twirls by the dancer whose body language was so graceful as it was ethereal. The dancer had enough space to move around with great flourish and was not

An Evaluation of Traditional Concepts of an Individual Essay

An Evaluation of Traditional Concepts of an Individual - Essay ExampleThere were also those who digest desire soulfulnessal glory and conquests, individuals desire Napoleon Bonaparte, Adolph Hitler and Julius Cesar all of which had their own vision and version of the ideal hunting lodge in which they sought to dominate. And finally there were those who have been known for their infamy and notoriety, otherwise known as deviants or villains. Is there anything that separates them and the other individuals The answer may be lie on the fact that these individuals may have discovered what it takes to be an individual that can stand above others. Or perhaps they have not been aware of the fact that they were exceptional or maybe they made their purpose clear to themselves that they exigency to achieve something that will grant them dominion above others. In any case, the individual is truly whimsical and each has the potential of unimaginable glory and achievement. This paper discu sses some traditional and conventional concepts of the individual like how and what it take to be an individual, how does the individual perceive his or herself, how are they able to cause either injure or benefit the environment and other individuals that they have been involved with.Any normal person would refer... Individuals posses a high sense of self that they have may have acquired during the early stages of development. The term human cosmos has been the subject of debate for years, but in the traditional sense is synonymous to a person or an individual. Some sociologists and anthropologists adhere to this classical definition of the person while some say that this definition should be expanded. Others have proposed a total redefinition of what a person is. The classical definition is quite tricky, a person may also be defined as someone who is entitled to basic estimables but therefore there are also other beings that are entitled to such rights such as the right to liv e for example (Persons Cultural Identity). Some psychologists have been in fact went to as further as defining a person as a gestalt of thoughts and never defining it in the somatic sense, although this is too extreme. The individual can be defined when one is aware of his or herself. This Conscious supposition of the Mind suggests that the individual creates a mental image of his or herself a sort of mental make up which is distinct from anybody else. In an experiment by George Gallup in 1970, he demonstrates that some higher primates like chimpanzees. This experiment was a variation of the Mark of Rouge experiment where children a year old or more were written with a mark of rouge, actually an erasable mark made with a crayon, in their foreheads. The child was placed in front of a mirror and was let to observe his or herself. Most of the children in the age of exactly one year reacted to their mirror image as if they aphorism another child. Older children simply wiped away th eir rouge markings once they observed

Role of technology and Cultural Competence Essay

Role of applied science and Cultural Competence - Essay ExampleTeaching practices have become more efficient and effective, on base enhancing creativity and innovativeness in the application of these technologies by students. Moreover, shifts in teaching paradigms have been realized (Bates & Poole, 2003), allowing both teachers and students to tabulator emerging negativities related to technology in the teaching and learning context.Cultural, social, economic, and political factors influence education in variant ways. In this respect, the assertion that public education responds primarily to political, not economic forces generates a critically arguable statement. Personally, public education addresses more than just the political factor. There are many and variant stakeholders involved in the operationalization of the education sector (Prensky, 2008). On the same note, the teaching and learning environment is characterized by diverse players that exhibit differentiated interests in an education context. It is hardly arguable that all these stakeholders are politically motivated. Therefore, public education encompasses many forces, both political and economic included.The contemporary classroom environment within and across countries is characterized by cultural diversity. Multiculturalism in the orbiculate context has become essential as the meshing breaks local, regional, national, and foreign boundaries (Montgomery, 2001). Teaching and learning practices are increasingly becoming influenced by multiculturalism, following the opening up of education to the international community. In American context, the classroom environment is made up of domestic and international students (Irvine & York, 2001). Their coexistence is coherent when multiculturalism in play. Multiculturalism informs the manner in which global diversity is being dealt with. (Paley, 1992 Gurian & Kathy, 2004) contends that the internet has enhanced global interconnectedness, thereby rai sing the significance of

May Make You Lose Control by Anne Joosten Assignment

May Make You Lose Control by Anne Joosten - Assignment exemplificationSelf-control requires resources. Repeated use of these resources depletes them leading to a state known as ego depletion. Decision-making is a major cause of ego depletion, implying that leaders, who have many decisions to make every day, are prone to stubbornness failure. However, the article argues that righteous identity is one factor that can limit ego depletion it is the illustration of moral values.The article explains that the study involved measurements of moral identity and unethical leader behavior. The research investigated the prevalence of pervert behaviors among leaders at work. The hypothesis was that depletion of self-regulation would lead to unethical behaviors, particularly among the leaders with low moral identity. scrutiny of the hypothesis involved two studies with study 1 using a validated depletion task in a controlled laboratory cathode-ray oscilloscope to allow drawing of conclusions. Study 2 is a cross-sectional multisource study, relied on the leaders personal rating of their depletion and moral identity and its purpose was to allow generalization of the findings to the setting of an organization where leaders function meaningfully on daily basis.Study 1 involved lxxviii undergraduate students from a Dutch university. They included 41 males and 37 females. Assigning of the two experimental conditions of self-regulatory depletion or no depletion was random. The article explains that study 1 involved two stages with participants responding to a bogus leadership great power questionnaire and moral identity measure through the internet for stage 1. Stage 2, a regulatory depletion task, took stake in a laboratory, 24 hours after stage 1. Completion of the regulatory depletion task took two phases. In the first phase, the participants completed a task under the no depletion condition while in the here and now phase they completed tasks under two different condit ions no depletion and high depletion.

What About Bob Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

What About bobber - Essay Example track Wiley from the film What About Bob? displays several distinct features of psychological disorders described and identified in the DSM-IV Manual. Among the mental illnesses Bob exhibits Agoraphobia, Germophobia, Panic Attacks, reason out Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Histrionic Personality Disorder, and Factitious Disorder. These disorders all manifest themselves separately and, according to the Axes of the DSM-IV, solely or partially fulfill the criteria of the previously mentioned disorders.In the beginning of the film, Bob describes his disorder as a fear of germs, and a nervous feeling whenever he leaves the confines of his home. He describes his compulsive need to pseud illness to hide his disorders, and that he often blacks out or loses consciousness. He exhibits germophobia when interacting with public telephones, on with a general agoraphobia shown when he stepped out of his home and fell into a crouched position as a large truck goes by. These phobias are compounded by a general anxiety that extends to all new(prenominal) of his activities.The agoraphobia is perhaps the clearest of Bobs diagnosable problems. Bob avoids public and confined situations (which may hint at an element of claustrophobia), such as the ski lift, which is an experience he endures as he screams at the top of his lungs. Whether it is the elevator or the bus, Bob pushes through it saying Baby steps to and following the Doctors advice. Bob exhibits pathological nervousness when in situations where get away can be difficult or where getting help may be difficult if his anxiety occurs. He states this quite clearly when he tells Dr. Marvin almost his fear of his heart exploding, or about his fear that he will not find a bathroom in time and his bladder will explode.Nevertheless, Bobs agoraphobia does not inhibit him from acquittance out in public. Even

Make a structuralist analysis of a film or films of your choice. As Essay

rush a structuralist analysis of a film or films of your choice. As part of your analysis discuss the pillow slip of structuralist analysis you are using - Essay ExampleFor that reason, this essay will focus on the break down of Akira Kurosawa.Anyone who has been to the movies might have noticed that as you leave, there is a lot of animation in the heap as they talk about the movie they saw. Often times, as people leave a movie, they reckon quite happy. We can attribute this happiness to having been entertained, but it probably goes beyond just entertainment. Especially in the first few moments following the viewing of a movie, people seem to be still conglomerate in the film in a actually noticeable way. Then, perhaps a little later on the obtainings have somewhat subsided and theyre moving around again in their own lives. For 90 minutes or more prior they had suspended their disbelief and become a part of the film they were observation.1 For the intent of the film and fo r perhaps a brief time following it, the lulu has had an experience of, . . . self-development, identification, catharsis and insight.2 The film experience allows the viewer to experience the challenge of action, to be a hero or heroine, to feel that first love again, to fulfill dreams and ambitions. If we are to consider the interaction of the viewer in the film, as the viewer relates to the characters, as the viewer fulfills fantasy, dreams and daydreams the term entertainment then takes on an enlarged meaning.In considering the film watching experience, similarities between that experience and the experience of a dream can be found. For instance, the individual sense of seeing the picture on the screen from afar, and the sense of fulfillment that comes from having viewed action or heroism, for instance, is not so disparate than dreams that evolve to be worked out on the stage of the minds subconscious and as viewed by the minds eye. The ultimate personal benefit of film and dr eaming are therefore very similar

Using current and historical examples discuss the constraints and Essay

Using current and historical examples discuss the constraints and opportunities for alternative forms of work organisation in the globalized world - Essay Examplew decades have given prominence to the understanding of work organic law in reference to the advent of globalisation international trade being coupled with an increase in mobility of people and capital.The confusion around globalization makes it harder to concretely define the term itself. In many cases, it is the spectacular catchphrase for describing the process of international economic integration (Scholte, 2005, 16). In the context of the argument presented in this paper, globalization is viewed as an amalgamation of liberalization, universalization and westernization. Hence, it could be defined as the process of removing restrictions on movements between countries, creating a deductive reasoning of cultures and spreading experiences to people in all corners of the world (Scholte, 2005).Work organisation is often li nked with capitalist economy an economic system which advocates the prominence of private ownership, wage labour and emergence of market forces as the dictating position in setting prices. Karl Marx referred to capitalist societies as an advanced form of social organization that would pave bureau for the working class to come to power (Whitley, 2000). The ideology revolved around the transformation of human night club being a series of evolution that was controlled by the changing dynamics of the world and the requirements of the general population. Where collective or communist systems once wielded a stronger control over the processes governing work organization, this was replaced by the laissez-faire(prenominal) approach. In the latter approach, the barter system of goods exchange was replaced by introducing an item of use-value initially gold and whence paper money. Marx professed that the next change would be the working class coming to power, with its primary driving fi xings being the exploitation of labour or workforce, under which capitalists try to extract value for the owner or the bourgeois society (Whitley, 2000).Further progression of Marxs work at the turn

Provide a critical review based on a Reading dealing with the Essay

Provide a critical review found on a Reading dealing with the agencystructure relationship by any one of these theorists Anthony Giddens, Bourdieu, P., or Habermas, J., - judge ExampleAccording to Heiskala (1990), competing epistemological frameworks prevalent before Haberman, generally revolved around structural functionalism and fulfill theory.Through his work, Habermas tried to fit together social structural functionalism (Parsons in particular) and action theory (Mead and phenomenology in particular) by creating the distinction between life system and the life world to correspond to them in social world and highlight the distinction between the perspective of the external observer and the perspective of actor to correspond to their theoretical ways of study. 1By integrating structure and action by dint of communication and other factors in the in the public eye(predicate) and private realm, the current paper will illustrate significant elements of Habermass works in order to face its profound par suck in on social theory that continues to this very day.We begin the critical review by summarizing elements found in the public sphere. Habermas makes the functionful linkage between action and structure explicit through his notion of mutual infiltration of public and private spheres (1989, pp. 141-151). Here, Habermas suggests that it is the bourgeois, rather then any other class, that influences structures comprise state and society. Legal, political, social and other specialized elements of public life come to fore as they impact the constructions of society in powerful but distinct ways. The fundamental separation of state and society in the bourgeois world was the result of a variety of phenomena within society, including healthy, political, and social aspects. The interaction of these brought about a fundamental separation within various spheres of life. Specifically, the lack of political dominance also transformed the scotch phenomenon and ma nifestation of production.In the legal and economic field however, the public and the private realms gradually became equal, with the state no longer dominating many aspects of life and production. The public and the private could not, however, remain separated as a result of civil society, as conflicts of interest often made it necessary for formal regulatory interventions to take place. Habermas refers to this as neomercantilism, which means that the political public sphere integrated with the interests of civil society in terms of interventionism. It is therefore a type of post-separation reintegration of the private and the public, but without any particular dominance of one everyplace the other. The economic world begins to merge with the political world, where the state and business shared political and economic power reciprocally. By necessity, these circumstances stimulated state intervention public sector in business activities private sector, in order to go out that cer tain interests were not threatened. The purpose of interventionism in this regard was to maintain equilibrium within the system, whereas in the quondam(prenominal) it had been to maintain the power of the political elite. Habermas argues that under new systemic institutional arrangements, more political and legal power is being reciprocally exchanged and reinforced among these public authorities than ever before.Another

Consumer Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Consumer Behaviour - Essay pillowcaseWhile the youth and children are the primary decision makers on certain categories of products, among the adults the decision rests with the one who contributes the level best towards household expenses. Based on these factors Starbucks is advised to cater to the discerning consumers products and attend that would make them feel distinguished. postpone of Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Motivation & Benefit 2.1 hypothesis of Planned Behavior 1 2.2 Self-identity 1 2.3 Uniqueness Theory 2 2.4 Scarcity and attractiveness 3 2.5 Organic coffee and its impact 3 2.5 Customer preferences 4 2.6 Physical environment 4 2.7 Recommendations for Starbucks 5 3. Family manner Cycle and Family Decision-Making 5 3.1 Family Life Cycle 5 3.2 Stages in FLC and choices 7 3.3 Family decision-making 8 References 10 1. Introduction Starbucks is an upscale, recognized coffee dishonor enjoying competitive advantage. They have 17,000 stores in 49 countries and their gr eatest strength is their strong brand name image and a considerable market share. The UK coffee market, according to a study by Mintel in 2010, is expected to sustain and is forecast to be worth GBP976 Million by 2015 (PR Newswire, 2010). On an average adults consume about deuce cups of coffee per day and Starbucks has less than 1% of the global market share (Kotha & Glassman 2003). Competition being intense, Starbucks needfully to understand the motivation and benefits that consumers seek. 2. Motivation & Benefit 2.1 Theory of Planned Behavior Consumer behavior is associated with idealized race and communicates information about consumers (Smith, Terry, Manstead, Louis, Kotterman & Wolfs, 2008). It communicates their personal values and their self-identity. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) suggests that behavioral decisions are not spontaneous but the result of a reasoned process in which behavior is influenced, even if indirectly, by attitudes, norms and perceptions of co ntrol over the behavior (Smith et al. 2008). The attitudes, norms and the perception of control over behavior influence behavior with their impact on behavioral intention. Food choices including the intention of consuming environment eachy friendly products are all influenced by the TPB. 2.2 Self-identity People buy a product for the value they can deliver. The purpose, the product and the person interact to shape consumer behavior and any changes on any of these could impact consumer behavior (Ratneshwar, Shocker, Cotte and Srivastava (1999). How the product or service contributes to their self-identity and well being influences consumer behavior. The teenagers, for instance, like to be seen at trendy places. To them the social experience and the perceived brand value hold importance (Lockyer 2009). Self-identity is the extent to which the individual sees him- or herself as a typical consumer of a product, and may play a role in the context of the consumer (Smith et al. 2008). Sel f-identity, an important determinant of behavior, reflects the label people use to describe themselves. To boost their self identity consumers can consume food and also consume food at places that would help distinguish them. Self-identity predicts intentions to consume fair trade products and unique products. 2.3 Uniqueness Theory Food can either be consumed publicly or privately. Consumers like to experience goods and services that leave alone distinguish them from others. Hence advertising should be unique in its appeal to the coffee consumers.

Interprofessional Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interprofessional Practice - Essay ExampleThis paper shall discuss what it sum to act professionally, based on my career as a nurse. Firstly, this paper give define professionalism in the context of health and human services delivery. Secondly, it will present an explanation of what it means to provide prime(prenominal) nursing care and services within a safe, ethical and legal context, in an individual and interprofessional framework. Finally, it will identify the mechanisms by which nurses behaviours are monitored, and how they may contribute to quality improvement mechanisms.Professionalism is defined in assorted ways. According to Bhugra (2010, p. 103) professionalism may be defined as a conglomerate of separate elements, such as h onenesssty, empathy, reliability, self-awareness, competence, and so forth. In this instance, professionalism is described as a combination of various elements and attitudes which are lots needed in order to successfully establish a beneficial rel ationship between clients and nurses. In some ways, professionalism is also viewed as a complete ethical concept with almost no boundaries. With the distinct issues which nurses currently face, especially those which relate to conflicts of interest and market-place competition, professionalism helps ensure the competence across an enlarging corpus of medical friendship and technical skills (Bhugra, 2010, p.103).In considering its more specific applications to health care delivery, a health professional is one who has a primary technical and specialized knowledge and who advances and implements standards based on service rather than meshing (Reiff, 2010). The health professional has cognitive and moral characteristics which can be familiarly couched in the Hippocratic ban through the words, I will practice my art with purity and holiness and for the benefit of the sick (as cited Orme-Smith & Spicer, 2001, p. 251). Professionalism in nursing largely implies a responsibility to ser ve and care for others,

The Reality Shows Essay Example for Free

The Reality Shows EssayThere are many TV interprets around the adult male , some of them are in truth funny and meaningful, but there are some shows that are very, very pointless and outrageous. In that variety of shows the TV viewers make badly fun of the musicians. And after the show they experience the pain of shame.For example one of that reality shows is Price of Truth . If you are participant in that stupidity, they ask you very personal questions for a lot of money each. For example one of these question is come you ever had perverted thoughts about your sister. , this is unacceptable , you dismisst humiliating nation like this in particular on air. For me dignity is more important than money and everybody should understand this. Reality shows must make people smile and relaxed from the horrible day , but this idiocy do the opposite.And the more important is that the children are observation this crap and its affect on their discipline and conversational vocabula ry. And then we are mad at them without thought process whose fault is for their mistakes. But we cant do anything about it , because nobody cares what we think , the people who can stop this shameful and harmful shows cares only about the money which are coming from these shows and they dont see the consequences.Thats why I would never be a participant in that kind of bullshit. I recommend you think about what are you going to watch or being participant in.

Uniform Civil Code Essay Example for Free

Uniform Civil Code EssayIndia is a secular democratic country. Secularism means equal rights to everybody. The rights should not differ on the basis of sex or religion. The fact that India is having different Civil Code for different persons based on their religion does not cortege its secular state status. The two major laws that are governing the lives of most of the people of our country is the Hindoo and Muslim law (Sharia law). Both these laws have varied approach to civil rights. The marriage and divorce in Muslim law is one of contentious points that is male supportive. The concept of saying Talak three measure exit result in divorce without even the consent of the female partner. The alimony also needs to be given only for three months after divorce. These things are completely against the rights of women.The guardianship is also a controversial issue. According to both the above said laws. The first guardian is the father and then the mother is the morsel guardian. This is completely against the right of the women towards her child.The Muslim law allows a male child to get 3 times the female child of their familys property. The HHiHindu law while it was not even asking for a get by for the female child was later modified to allow equal partition of the wealth.There is an article in our constitution that allows the old British laws to exist unless otherwise notified and the law allowing everybody to follow any religion of their wish. It is not the time for our government to rob in religious leaders, scholars and law makers to a common table and shape a new common civil code with the goal of giving equal rights to everybody.

Benefits of Pets Essay Example for Free

Benefits of flatters Essay1. Decreases accentuateIn a 2002 take at State University of modernistic York at Buffalo, researchers found that when conducting a stressful task, people experienced slight stress when their pampers were with them than when a spouse, family fellow member or close friend was nearby. Promises Treatment Centers, which specializes in addiction, not only recommends its patients consider getting a pet, but even allows pets in its rehabilitation facilities, according to Dr. David Sack, CEO of Promises. One of Promises core beliefs is that we need to pack obstacles that continue people from getting help, Sack says. We be committed to making Promises a safe and tranquillise home the like environment. And what could be more like home than to have your pet accompany you?2. Lowers blood rack firearm some studies have found a stronger connection than others, having a pet has the potential to move blood pressure, especially in hypertensive or high-risk p atients, according to the Centers for Disease Control and taproom (CDC). If you have a dog around, your blood pressure is glare, says Marty Becker, DVM, veterinary consultant for Good Morning the States and author of the upcoming book, Your Dog The Owners Manual. A lot of it goes back to reducing stress You might lose your job, your house, your 401(k) but youll never lose the unconditional love of your pet.3. Eases tortureBelieve it or not, pets can be the best medicine, especially when a person is dealing with chronic pain such(prenominal) as migraines or arthritis, says Becker. Just like Valium, it reduces anxiety. The less anxiety, the less pain, he says. Some studies about knowing pain actually found that adults who used pet therapy required 50 percent less pain medication than those who did not.4. Lowers cholesterolAccording to the CDC, another affection-wellnessy result of owning a pet is lower cholesterol. They lower cholesterol by about five points, says Becker. It isnt clear whether the pets presence decreases cholesterol, or if those who maintain a healthier lifestyle are more lots pet owners. However, it is known that staminate pet owners, in particular, have lower triglyceride and cholesterol levels than nonpet owners.5. Improves moodA lot of the health benefits of owning a pet may stem from the mental and emotional benefits. People who have pets are less harried theres more laughter in their life, says Becker. When you come home, its like youre George Clooney. Youre a star. This is a primary reason pets are used in various forms of therapy. At Walter Reed Army Medical Center, theyre using dogs to help soldiers dealing with post-traumatic stress disorder, says Katy Nelson, DVM, associate taking into custody veterinarian at the VCA Alexandria Animal Hospital in Alexandria, Va.Theyre finding the guys who have a pet are able to re-enter society a little bit easier. Theyre showing a decreased suicide rate, one of the biggest health threats vete rans face. These guys who have a pet have someone theyre responsible for, someone who cares about them. And they dont have to explain what theyve been through.6. Helps people socializeWhile it may seem a bit counterintuitive, owning a dog actually increases a persons opportunities to socialize, according to Michael Landa, CEO of natural pet food brand Nulo and founder of Los Angelesbased dog-walking service The Pet Staff. I take my dog for a two-mile walk every day, and I run into five to 10 people whom I stop and talk to, he says.Christie Keith, the online and social media editor at PetConnection.com, agrees. A 1999 Canadian study found that pet owners were more socially engaged than nonpet owners, she says. In addition, an Austrian study found that pet ownership led to an increase in social contact, more socialization in spite of appearance neighborhoods such as neighbors chatting as they walk their dogs, and even a greater perception to observers that the neighborhood seems frie ndly.7. Prevents strokesAlthough dogs are often touted for their health benefits, cat owners can see gains, too. Felines are just as beneficial to your health as dogs. If you have a cat, youre 30 percent less likely to have a heart attack, and youre 40 percent less likely to have a cardiovascular incident like a stroke, Becker says. In addition, pets can aid in the recovery of a heart attack. If you have a heart attack and you have a dog, you are eight times more likely to be alive a course of study later, Becker says.8. Monitors blood sugar levels for diabeticsAccording to the American Diabetes Associations Diabetes consider magazine, a 1992 study found that one-third of the pets living with diabetics (mostly dogs, but other pets included cats, birds and rabbits) would change their behavior when their owners blood sugar level dropped. Most likely a reaction to chemical substance changes in the owners body, the behavior noted in the study has resulted in organizations like Dogs4D iabetics, which trains dogs to be companions for patients at risk of unstable blood glucose levels.9. Prevents allergies and improves immunityBecker says pets can dramatically improve immunity and prevent allergies. A study found that children ages 5 to 7 from pet-owning households attend school three weeks more per year than those who dont have pets, he says. He also says that the more pets you have earlier in life, the fewer allergies you will develop. Kids who grow up on farms and around animals dont have allergies, he says. That dander on that hair, thats natural immunotherapy. But he notes that this effect is not reversible getting a pet as an adult will not minimize allergies, it only helps prevent trusted allergies from developing in children.10. Helps children developChildren who grow up in a household with pets benefit in myriad ways, especially in their emotional development. When a child is attached to a dog or cat, they learn to express themselves in more ways and they learn to relate better, says Landa, who brings children to animal shelters to deliver toys and food. Pets are also hugely beneficial to children suffering from autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). For children with ADHD, taking care of a pet can encourage them to focus on responsibilities through a predictable routine. While the afferent experience of holding and petting an animal can be soothing for children with autism.

The European Enlightenment Essay Example for Free

The European Enlightenment EssayThe scientific revolution is more of a forward-looking or modern path of infering about nature. While science already had a presence prior to the 16th century, the teachings were ground more on practical applications, rational popular opinion and magic. s of science, 3elements permeated it empirical practice, magic and rational thought which continued for thousands of years until the 16th and 17th century. With the scientific revolution, rational thought was enhanced through methods which evoke be the sole explanation for any phenomena of nature. Refute with reason but all overwhelm by experiment. (Hall xvi).We think of Galileo as the first of the moderns because he broke the strangling hold of the traditional authorities Aristotle, Ptolemy and Galen upon scientific thought. He supported the Copernican scheme. He boldly countered errors of traditionally accepted beliefs and appealed to something new through the evidence of experiments. His establishment was enhanced by philosophers such as Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes who called their subject natural philosophy in an attempt to fox a systematic explanation to the natural. With the entry of Sir Isaac Newton and the invisible colleges, discoveries and inventions came one after(prenominal) the other.Whereas godliness apply deductive reasoning in the arrival of its conclusions, the revolution brought on inductive reasoning which begins with a hypothesis that were tested using quantifiable data and methodical experimentation. By 1690, science had developed a philosophy experimental and a method mathematical and a goal the improvement of the lot of mankind. (Baker ix, x). There came a paradigm shift in how the physical world was investigated. Reason slowly robbed magic of its power as it is an element of the irrational. Reason is initially used but compounded by experiment.The widely-believed Ptolemy system was anthropocentric ground with an immobile earth is the center of the universe. While it was being discarded through deductive reasoning, i. e. , the world is smelly and corrupt and therefore not worthy to be the center, the rational thinkers using the Copernicus hypothesis as type and with observed facts and physical using reason, terrestrial machinelike phenomena, qualitative observation and quantitative observation by recalculating orbits went on to prove their heliocentric theory that the earth is only one of several planets that revolve around the sun.It also killed the Greek animism of appetites, natural tendencies, sympathies and attractions. Instead, explanation must be in terms of description of processes, mechanisms, interconnection of parts (Hall xvi, xviii). For Aristotle and his followers, bodies continually move so as to fulfill their natures. All matter is goal-oriented. They are of a teleological nature, which makes them animistic as they attributed soul-like properties. Modern natural philosophy used the ma chine metaphor, i. . the inner whole caboodle of a being are like the mechanism of a clock.They refer to their practice as mechanical philosophy. The development of mechanism gave rise to the view of matter-as-passive and is central to mechanical natural philosophy (Shapin 24-44). Traditional philosophies had been incorporate into the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church which was the only Christian religion at that time. The Copernican theory was state to be contrary to the Holy Scripture and utterly heretical.It ran contrary to a decree in 1616 which was issued after the burning of Giordano Bruno for teaching the plurality of worlds or universes outside our own. As well, the present academe were slow in accepting that they have given their lives blindly to the defense of errors. The attitude in the middle ages was that where reason was unskilled to decide, faith should pronounce and that in many instances faith must prevail over reason. (Hall 74-75, 103-105).The medieval chu rch service had originally set its feet against and systematic scientific enquiry on the grounds that man was not mean to know the mind of God as interpreted by himself. Even Protestants stressed that all familiarity must come form the Bible. Bacon popularized that God actually intended man to recover its mastery over nature. In his text Instauratio Maga (The Great Instauration), the Book of Daniel was quoted in its cover, Many shall pass to and fro and science shall be increase (Shapiro 120). Thus, scientific enquiry became legitimate and prepared the way for scientific revolution.Later, there came about a new religious fervor in Deism, a name for the rationalized faith leading to the worship of the divine clocksmith which distrust anything mystical. It is based on the reasoning that if the universe was created by God, and the universe is a rational appear then God was rational. (Baker x). Sir Isaac Newton in 1687 presented fundamental arguments of the mechanical universe in hi s book Principia Mathematia which basically summarizes the conceptual change brought about by the scientific revolution and the path it would take mathematical models are accurate descriptions of the universe the universe moves rationally and predictably one need not appeal to revealed religion or theology to explain any aspect of physical phenomenaall planets and other objects move collectible to a physical attraction called gravity The universe concept is based on Inertia both object remains at rest until moved by another object and stays in motion unless stopped or redirected by another object (Hooker).

Why Students Should Work Essay Example for Free

Why Students Should Work EssayI disagree that high school pupils should be limited in the amount of hours they toy beca make use of students will be making less specie. So they wont be able to save profuse money for college. Also students will learn about responsibility and will learn on how to manage their money,write checks, and use their credit card.I say that high school students should use as many hours as they urgency in conclusion they would be making more money to support themselves and their families. Also, because they get to be intimate what work is like so they could get ready for their career. Having a job has many benefits. One of these benefits is obvious, earning an income. With an income comes responsibility. When a student becomes an adult, he or she has to learn to depend on their own income, and there is nothing they stomach do to prepare themselves for that except to begin to get a feel for the responsibilities earning an income brings.Also, I thin k that students who work, it gives the student experience on what their working on so that they get good at it. I think that students who work more get more money so that they could buy a car and not be tired from school and work. Also, I think that this is an opportunity to learn how to manage their money and how to use it wisely. Students can gain experience by working through high school. This brings the opportunity to learn how to budget money, which is a vital part of being independent.Budgeting takes a lot of self-discipline and trial and error, but is possible to learn. It is alike important for students to start making purchases that result in monthly payments, such as cell recollect or car payments. Not only does this give students the ability to establish credit, but also a feel for what having bills is like. These are things that all students need to gain exposure to and begin become experienced with. It would be much more difficult to learn these things when one is dep endent on themselves. It raises the risk of struggles with money.I think that students who work more could also maintain good grades and do homework because they only have to work after school. So they could do homework after work and still good to school with enough energy to last thewhole day.

Journal Writing Essay Example for Free

Journal Writing EssayWeek 1 musing JournalThis was my set-back day in class for the unit Co Ordinate the Work Environment. Amongst the class mates individu wholey one introduced the self to others, and Adrian as a teacher for the unit introduced himself to all of us. Todays shell was based on housekeeping and overview of unit outline. I learned about different ways to fetch and practise effective piece of work practises. I also learned about different leadership styles. I felt good throughout the class as I was an active participant in all topics. I felt good about taking on the friendship about learning and sustaining workplace ethics and self morale. I believe that this knowledge will help during my job measures.Week 2 Reflective JournalIn todays session I learned about underdeveloped and implementing work plans. The idea behind is to integrate into and build a healthy, trustworthy and reliable relationship with colleagues. I listened the whole session carefully, gav e my opinion at right time and respected to the opinion shared by other students. I also learned about how at a workplace we can maximize the performance and outcomes and yes how can i forget the amazing organisational theories, boring but chief(prenominal). I took proper notes throughout the session and kept myself attentive till the end.Week 3 Reflective journalIn this workweeks class I learned about implementing various strategies to ensure that the communication in a workplace is effective. I think the information was very necessary to develop my own level of spirit of initiating and sustaining a healthy communication amongst colleagues. I also learned about different ways of solution the conflicts at the workplace if and when they arise. I personally would always be proactive about it however at any times if i do face any such conflicts then the knowledge that I received today will help a lot.Week 4 Reflective JournalThis week Adrian told us about workplace environment in regards of the resistance, different ways to deal with it and how we can engage a change in an organisation. I think this weeks session was very important from the academic perspective but also will help me in future in my carrier. I was active throughout the session. We also talked about the decision making process that takes place in everyplace and i felt good about that how important all this info was.Week 5 Reflective JournalThis weeks class was the interesting one because i learned about how important it is to always add on to our existing skills and knowledge by undertaking various training workshops tie in to same work. It was good to learn that taking such training lessons keeps us synchronised with the latest in the world and that these should not be neglected. Then we were also taught about different ways how we can monitor our own progress and appraisals. I felt this weeks session was very important and the knowledge delivered will help me in future.Week 6 Reflect ive JournalThis week was an important time in class as i had my first assignment for this unit due. The assignment was to make a report on the overview of any organisation related with the same sector. While making the assignment and reflecting on various areas of the organisation i realised that it included mostly a lot of things that we covered in class and i was glad because i already had them in my mind and my notes.

Free

Free Will vs Determinism EssayThe debate, pardon will versus determinism, has been long debated for centuries. Free will is a concept that holds soulfulnesss responsible for the action and decisions of their lives. Adversely, other individuals believe atomic number 53s life is predetermined. For the purpose of this stress I will prepare dialogue surrounded by myself and philosopher Socrates. I will also define dispatch will and determinism. The Dialogue XXXXXX Determinism is interpreted as the philosophical theory or doctrine in which an individual believes that action from serviceman are unavoidable numberrences in nature are more than likely caused by preceding events or natural laws. XXXXXX Free Will is the ability of humans to express immunity freedom to make choices freely with bug out the influence of others or nature better said, as the ability to act freely within limits. XXXXXX No. I do non agree that every event has an explanatory cause. I would like to think its fair to say not every event or touch warrants an explanation. Lets say, for example, God developed in mind or physically, Adam eventide, also accommodated them a garden with every fruit, with the exception of forbidden fruits. In consequence, they disobeyed.A fair argument would be that thither is no way to argue an explanatory cause in connection with Adams Eves selection free will came into existence. XXXX Id say birth, wedding and funerals would be examples of events XXXX explanatory cause would suggest behind every event that occurs has an explanation to persuade an explanation for why events happen. XXXXX As referenced previously, I dont agree with explanatory causes for events that happen in human life. still selected events have an explanatory cause such as death, for example.Death was already predetermined at which date man was created. XXXXX Choices of humans is the ability to make sound decisions without influence, freedom of choice. In this day and age humans ar e held to the highest degree of responsibility for their own actions. Judicial systems have been put into place for this very reason. Events occur from human action or choices. Absolutely, Choice and events are completely different. XXXX Absolutely not Socrates, It is not a known fact that every action has an explanatory cause is completed dependently.Some actions may be simply due to determinism however, at the same instance may be in connection with ones free will. Murder would be great example. This would be a solely act carried out by an individual free will. XXXXx Exempt from foreign authority, an individuals will, unrestricted. Free. XXXX Absolutely, why not contempt individuals having the freedom of choice, within limits due to higher existing authority. Its reasonable to come to the conclusion that free will is not completely free, external influences do exist.The two can coexist. XXXX Possibly determinism but not internal free will. Free will cannot be classified as inter nal or external factors. In Conclusion, determinism vs. free will is a debate that has been debated over centuries. This debate will continue to dominate conflicting attention for many years to come from a variety of people. In this paper I have discussed briefly the definition of free will and determinism. I have also presented dialogue between the deceased Socrates and myself in attempt to shed more on this highly debatable topic.

Social problems created by gambling Essay Example for Free

Social paradoxs created by gambling EssayAs you request on August 2012, our report outlines the findings into how to minimize social problems arising from gambling. Since casino started operations, casino- connect crimes have been occurring on average erstwhile a month. The more worrying trends atomic number 18 the change magnitude number of addicts and regression of their age. It has been reported that more youths 18 21 are seeking help for their addictions. (Channelnewsasia. com, February 8, 2012) Firstly we delve through news sites to define crimes that are considered casino related.Secondly, we scrutinize the gambling casino Control Act (CCA) and identified a number acts designed to tone down social problems arising from gambling. casino related crime comprise only 1% of each crimes due to trouble of casino operators and cooperation with the police. cassino-Related crimes are defined as crimes occurring in and around the casino. Majority of the crimes committed ar e thefts of chips, attempting to betray or cheating and impersonating another person to gain entry to the casino (Crime Statistics, October 3, 2011).The casino Regulatory government agency was established to enforce the CCA and subject field Council on Problem Gambling (NCPG) was create subsequently to manoeuver the problem sufficed by gambling and educating the public on the downside of gambling. Social safeguards were catered to protect the young and prevent families from disintegrating. 1. Entry levy An entry fee of $100 daily or $2000 yearly allow for be levied on locals to deal out as deterrence as patrons would have already lost $100 even before gambling. Casino operators will be fined for failing to enforce the levy or reimbursing patrons.Resort World Sentosa (RWS) was fined $600,000 and leash of its employees charged for circumventing the CCA by providing free theme park tickets for patrons(Channelnewasia. com, September 12, 2012). 2. Minimum Age Casinos patrons ar e required to be above the age of 21 to prevent minors from entering the casino. 3. No extending of credits to Singaporeans and Permanent Residents Junkets are prohibited from operating in the casino and Casinos are prohibited to extend credits unless(prenominal) they are insurance premium players defined as patrons who maintain a deposits with credit balanced not less than $100,000 before runner of play.4. No Automated Tellers Machine(ATM) ATMs will be prohibited in the casinos. This ensures patrons gamble within their cash limits. 5. NCPG NCPG straininged an international advisory panel seeking foreign expertise in developing research and work to identify and control problem gambling. One outlet of educating the public is through developing dramas highlighting the woes of gambling. 6. excommunication Orders NCPG can make, vary and revoke casino exclusion order banning locals from entering the casino from three orders voluntary, third-party and family exclusion.Two of these or ders (Family and Third-Party exclusions) are crucial aspect of social safeguarding preventing addicts from disintegrating families and ensuring receivers of alms does not squander their money. 7. Advertisements on Casino Casino operators are forbidden from advertising the casinos and gambling to local population. RWS was slapped with a hefty fine when they painted muckle with casino logos and offers free ferry services to the casino. RECOMMENDATIONS Proposals were gathered from the public (Reach, August 17, 2012). Based on the feedback, we hint amendments to the CCA that will help minimize social problems.1. Casino Visit Limit System We propose to limit the frequency of casino visits for Financial Vulnerable (FVs). This should not be limited to low-income workers NCPG will judge individuals based on his ability to service debts and extent of his gambling habits. This is a moderate measure in controlling FVs gambling addiction. This might cause respondents to instead double their bet in a visit causing more damage however the NCPG can still review individuals and place them chthonic casino exclusion instead. 2. Amendments to Casino Exclusion.We suggest allowing issuance of Family Exclusion Order even if respondent is absent. A mandatory assessment and counseling should be conducted before allowing their orders to be revoked. By simplifying and accelerating the process of applying an order so we can prevent respondent from incurring bigger debts. We suggest allowing applicants to just have the same address as the respondent instead of obtaining their Identification Number. We propose that fingerprints scanning be used on all locals visiting the casinos to prevent impersonators trying to circumvent the exclusion order.3. Responsible Gambling and Personal Responsibility Casinos employees should be trained to spot at-risk gamblers and advise them to seek help. We recommend screening mandatory videos to petition to patrons their real indebtedness and to gamble within their limit before entering the casino. 4. Increasing Entry bill By increasing the entry levy to $200, we will discourage youth as they have less spending power from visiting the casino. This will cause uproar with current patrons however this will cause youths and current patrons to have second thoughts before going to the casino.5. Increase minimum age of patrons We suggest increasing the minimum age of local patrons from 21 to 25. Majority of this age group are studying or just entered the workforce as such income will be lower. By upping the barrier young adults will be more resistant to gambling addiction. SUMMARY Singapore has one of the strictest casino rules in the human reflected by the low number of casino-related crime. We should however continue to be vigilant in deterring casino related crime. Protecting the youths and families from gambling should be our utmost priority.We should proactively seeks out these problems and ensure they do not overwhelm society. musical composition proper framework is provided, more emphasis can be placed on personal responsibility and gamblers should constantly be reminded of their responsibility. By implementing stronger measures ensuring casinos does not circumvent the act, increasing minimum age of patrons and holding banter between NCPG and casinos to implement measures that helps in educating the public on the consequence of gambling and their personal responsibility.BibLIOGRAPHY 1.Singapore jurisprudence Force(12 September 2011), Crime Situation for 2010. Retrieved form http//www. spf. gov. sg/stats/stats2010_intro. htm 2. Channelnewasia. com, 12 September 2012, RWS Fine $600,000 for partially reimbursing entry levy. Retrieved form http//www. channelnewsasia. com/stories/singaporelocalnews/view/1225593/1/. html 3. Attorney Generals Chambers. (2012). Casino Control Act. Retrieved ,21 September 2012, Retrieved form Singapore Statutes Online website http//statutes. agc. gov. sg/ 4. National Library Bo ard Singapore (2009), Lim Puay Ling, National Council on Problem Gambling.Retrieved form http//infopedia. nl. sg/articles/SIP_1579_2009-10-05. html 5. The Wall path Journal, Chun Han Wong, Singapore Looks to Stiffen Casino Regulation. Retrieved form http//online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424052702303684004577510601715432524. html 6. REACH, Respond to Public Feedback on Proposed Amendments to the Casino Control Act, Retrieved form http//www. reach. gov. sg/portals/0/E-Consultation/News%20Release%20-%20Summary%20and%20Response%20to%20Consultation%20on%20CCA%20Amendment%20Bill. pdf.

Accounting 201 Final Study Guide Essay Example for Free

Accounting 201 Final take up Guide EssayWhen argon expenses recognized? Name the looking concepts that answer these questions. What are the four monetary statements? What is the role for each? Does each report for a stoppage of time or for a academic degree in time? Be equal to estimate the change in stockholders equity for a period based on information contained in the retained earnings statement. What is GAAP? Who is the body currently trusty for establishing GAAP? What governmental agency has oversight authority over the accounting profession? What is an audit?What is the purpose of an independent audit? Who can perform an audit? What is the sequence of the accounting cycle? Define the side by side(p) preconditions related to the accounting cycle -chart of accounts -journal -ledger -trial balance -adjusting entries -adjusted trial balance - stopping point entries -post-closing trial balance -posting -journal access -debit -credit -t-account Be familiar with account cl assification. What are the five major categories of accounts? What is a contra account? Be able to analyze transactions using the debit/credit rules.What is a compound journal entry? How is an accounts balance determined? What is meant by the term normal balance? Be able to calculate an account balance. When are adjusting entries prepared? Why are they necessary? What are some rules that apply to tout ensemble adjustments? Review the handout you were give regarding adjusting entries. What do the following accounting concepts mean? -going concern - price-benefit -materiality -consistency -revenue recognition/actualization -matching Which of the accounting concepts listed above form the basis for accrual basis accounting?What are the three closing entries? What is the purpose of closing entries? What is the format for a bank reconciliation? Which reconciling items require that a journal entry be made to recognize them? Be aware of the formulas to calculate some of the commonly us e financial ratios, including -current ratio -working capital -quick ratio How are the following items calculated? -net sales -cost of goods sold What is the departure between a periodic inventory system and a perpetual inventory system? What are sexual control procedures?What are the four primary reasons for establishing internal controls? What are some common examples of internal control procedures? Define the following terms with regard to notes receivable/notes payable -principal -interest -maturity date -maturity value Be able to calculate ending inventory and cost of goods sold under the following inventory cost allocation methods -average costing -FIFO (first-in, first-out) -LIFO (last-in, first-out) Be able to define the following terms related to long term assets cost -residual value/salvage value/trade-in value depreciable cost -book value -service life/ expedient life -depreciation -accumulated depreciation -depletion -amortization Be able to calculate depreciation usi ng the following methods -straight line -units of toil -double declining balance How is the cost of a group/bundled purchase of assets allocated? What is the difference between the direct write mangle method and the allowance method of recognizing bad debts? Which one is pet by GAAP? Why? Be able to define the following terms related to chemical bonds payable -bond indenture -debenture -secured bond coupon bond -registered bond -convertible bond -callable bond -term bond -serial bond -sinking fund When will a bond snitch at a discount? At a premium? Be able to determine the curve price of a bond based on its market price quote. What are the rights of bondholders? Of common stockholders? Of preferred stockholders? Be able to define the following terms related to stock -common stock -preferred stock -dividends in arrears -par value -treasury stock -dividend declaration date -date of record -dividend payment date -stock dividend -stock split -book value

Soap Operas Essay Example for Free

lash Operas EssayThe following piece of typography is based on the history and background of Soap Operas. Commencing with where, when and why they were started. Who was the target audition. Finishing with the key conventions of the literary genre giving physical exertions. Soaps first go on the scene in America in the 1920s to the 1930s. This was when communicate stations sprang up exclusively over the U. S. A. At that time they solely relied on advertising tax revenue to stay on air. Companies would sponsor whole programmes as well as using short burst adverts during breaks. This practice would also be used by television companies later on when the first Soap Opera was shown on T. V in 1964. This method of advertising has continued to be used to this sidereal day by both forms of media. The main target audience for these up and coming radio programmes was identified as being housewives. The reason for this is that back in the 1920s very few women once married, ever w ent come out of the closet to work. Instead they were expected to stay at basis raise families and look after the house and all the responsibilities that went along with it. ace of these responsibilities was shopping. This audience was classed as the ideal one and companies took advantage of this in an attempt to tag on household goods such as slime and detergents. Basically, the companies used the radio for commercial message and consumer uses. The companies selling the goods needed the radio stations to produce a specific type of programme, which would attract a large amount of listeners from their ideal target audience. This was so that they could get as more housewives as possible to buy their product, enabling them to cave in vast profits.They succeeded by making the programme a drama serial based on the home and various domestic situations within it. The serials were made to be melodramatic with cope withes of romance, tragedy and also with a touch of comedy thrown in for good measure. The title Soap Opera came around because of the fact that a Soap company sponsored the programmes. Opera was used because the programmes were very dramatic and larger than life. They became very best-selling(predicate) in a short space of time. Two popular radio soap operas in the early long time were Ma Perkins and One Man Family. The success continued for quite a while. Then after the struggle in the 1950s radio soaps lost their appeal. Television had arrived and people turned their attention to this form of media for enjoyment and information. As the soaps had been so popular on the radio, it was decided that they should be transferred to the television screen. The first television soap was aired on screen in 1964, the title Peyton Place. The audience yet again was housewives. It became so popular it ran until 1969, which was well beyond its life expectancy.Britains first Soap was on radio which went on air undecomposed after the, 2nd World. It was called The Robinsons. However the most noted radio soap in England, which is still on air today is the Archers an every day tale of Farming Folk. It started in 1950 and has been listened to by generations. Reservations by companies about the cost of setting up the first T. V. Soaps were soon allayed because they were very cheap to run. There have been some(prenominal) T. V. Soaps of different genres come and go over time, some more successful than others.Emergency Ward ten dollar bill a Medical soap lasted only three years. United, was about a football club, which lasted both years. And, everyone pass on remember the disastrous Eldorado This was about the lives of ex-patriots who lived in Spain. This was one of the B. B. Cs shortest run soaps ever. The most famous and longest running soaps ar Coronation Street made by Granada television company, Eastenders made by the B. B. C. and Emmerdale which made the transfer from its original early daytime slot to its current 7pm peak viewin g slot. frank decision by the Yorkshire T.V Company who makes the soap. There are various key conventions used in the common Soap Opera, for example the very successful Eastenders, Emmerdale, Brooksideand Coronation Street. The first major convention is that thither is a continuous storyline. This enables the viewer who regularly watchs the soap to miss a couple of episodes, then, easily hark back whilst still knowing what is going on. This rule also applies with the characters there should be a regular cast. One of the old favorites characters in Coronation Street was Ena Sharples who was in The Street for 20 years.The continuous storylines are unremarkably helped to last by having Cliffhangers at the end of every episode. A Cliffhanger is a final moment that leaves the audience in suspense, inquire what will happen next? Current affairs are reflected in many of the Soaps story lines some more controversial than others, for example Brookside (a soap based in Liverpool) showed t he first lesbian kiss years ago. But, it took Coronation Street until the year 2003 to show a kiss among two men. In reality The Soaps deal with realist issues. Issues, dealt with on a day- to- day basis by normal people.For example people celebrating the birth of a child, birthday celebrations, marriages even deaths. Other storylines sometime aim specifically at the younger generation by dealing with drugs, alcohol and teenage pregnancies. Also major storylines, which involve climatical events and deal with the aftermath. Spectacular events used are things like shootings, robberies, falls, car or train crashes, these events were added when soaps were transferred to the evening time. thereof pulling in the male viewers at the same time because this added action. Writers of Soaps often create conflicts between characters.A good example of this was between Little Mo and her ex- husband, who used to verbally and physically shout out her. This storyline lasted for several months wi th lots of cliffhangers and the nation was gripped with its finale and his death in a fire. It was filmed in one small room with just those two characters amongst the flames, screaming and crying at the same time, wondering how it all came to this. After all they had loved each other at one time Soaps are still the lifeblood of regionally based independent television stations as well as the commercial television stations such as Granada, Tyne Tees and Yorkshire.They need to make profits to stay in demarcation and pay their shareholders. Because after all that is what they are, businesss. So they continue to use advertising breaks during the good quality Soaps to reinforcement the revenue coming in. This does not affect the B. B. C because it is a Public Service Channel and receives their silver via the television License. What about the future? Who knows when the bubble might burst? But for now, the viewers, television stations and the companies who tell are all winners.

Beliefs of Calvin and Augustine

Beliefs of Calvin and AugustineThe Traditional Calvinist view to the article of faith of Perseverance of the saints finds its radical in the philosophy of the sixteenth-century Swiss Reformer posterior Calvin (1509-1564). He wrote and published the first edition of his Institutes of the Christian Religion. This is the most about writing on systematic theology which the world had ever known at that time. To this present day his belief have pervade spread through the Protestant world. Because God is free over all His creation, Calvin argued, He must be the sole actor in the salvation of His homosexual creatures. He believed that any response, prior to regeneration, from a depraved human cosmos would make God little than sovereign in human redemption.John Calvin drifted from his Roman Catholic faith while studying the vast writings of Augustine, the Roman Catholic Bishop of Hippo (354-430). He constantly praised Augustines work with frequent quotes and references from his writing s. Many big(p) Calvinists acknowledge that Calvins fundamental beliefs were through the writings of Augustine and were already formed while he was still a faithful Roman Catholic. He systemized Augustines doctrines, which have been developed, for the most part, the five few Points of Calvinism presented today. Augustines influence remained with him throughout his life.The beliefs of Calvin and Augustine embody the Five Points of Calvinism presented today. Just as the Synod of Dort, (the synod which first formally presented these points as the Five Points of Calvinism-TULIP),1 was a Calvinistic Synod, so John Calvin was an Augustinian. These Augustinian teachings that he presented in his Institutes of the Christian Religion included the sovereignty of God, which made Him the cause of everything, including sin, pick oution, and the predestination of the elect to salvation and of the non-elect to damnation.Professor Herman Hanko, co-authored single of several books called TheFivePo intsofCalvinism,written to explain and defend Calvinism, says thatBoettner agrees. He saysCalvinist theologian R. Laird Harris states thatWe confab that John Calvin took what Augustine had written and refined it. Many of our doctrines that we understand and recognize today have developed from before stages of belief. This is the case with the doctrines of Augustine. An example of this is the doctrine of Eternal Security. He did not teach this, but he was a crucial figure in establishing the root source that is the basis in which this doctrine could develop in to how we understand it today. With a little research, one can understand how his influence on theology as a whole goes without question. The foundational beliefs, biases, and doctrines that many believers have today, Protestants and Catholics, are to be discovered in the beliefs of Augustine. While most Calvinist and Catholic theologians agree with Augustine, some Protestants do not. However, most of them, if not all, will a cknowledge his colossal influence on Christian beliefs and doctrines.Augustine was born November 13, 354 in Tagaste Numidia. He was brought up in a change integrity house predominateAugustines father was not a Christian and directed his son towards secular knowledge which could realize him an income. When he became an adult, Augustine moved to Carthage and he took an interest in debating.Around the year 375, Augustine became a Manichaean Gnostic. Augustine was a Manichaean for nine years and was greatly influenced by them, whose doctrines were heretical. The Gnostics believed in two gods, one evil and one good. Some Gnostic groups renounced marriage and procreation. Many believed that the dualism of flesh and spirit-the flesh cosmos evil and the spirit being good. Many historians have noted that Augustine has brought this Manichaean influences into the Church. The Manichaean teachings are believed to have influenced Augustines doctrine of the total rotting of mankind, the elec t and predestination. These are the foundations and essential elements of the doctrine of Eternal Security that was to follow after Calvin got a hold of them.Because of Augustines sinful lifestyle, he could not advance in the Manichaean religion. He had a reputation of being a fornicator and a womanizer. Historian James ODonnell, is a University Professor at Georgetown University. He saysafter Augustine became a skeptic and turned to the philosophy of Neo-Platonism (a form of thought rooted in the philosophy of Plato). He began to merger these beliefs with his Gnostic and Christian beliefs. Augustines writings were strongly influenced by his studies in Neo-Platonism, Gnosticism, and the Christian Scriptures. Much bid Calvinists today, he used Scripture out of context to match his theology.In 384, Augustine went to Milan as a sceptical professor of rhetoric. Before he left Milan in 388, he had been baptized by Ambrose and was indebted to Ambroses Catholic Neo-Platonism, which provi ded a philosophical base that eventually transformed Christian theology.2Augustine was not only influenced by the Manichaean Gnostics, but he was excessively being influenced by his mentor Ambrose. Ambrose had absorbed the most up-to-date classic learning, Christian and pagan alike-notably the works of Philo, Origen, and Basil of Caesarea and of the pagan Neo-Platonist Plotinus.3 With his philosopher ideas mixing Scriptures with Platonism with its elements of mysticism and some Judaic and Greco-Roman reading, he influenced Augustine in his theology. Maybe this is why, that no one that has ever lived has influenced Christian theology as Augustine has. He is responsible for much of what we consider to be Catholic doctrine today. Not surprisingly, he is also credited with being a major participant in Protestant beliefs as well.The historian Jaroslav Pelikan remarkedCommenting on Augustines book entitled, The City of God, the historian Edward Gibbon wrote1 A century after the Reformati on a reaction against this extreme Genevan Calvinism developed around Amsterdam pastor and theologian, Jacob Arminius. After his untimely death in 1609, some of his followers, the Remonstrants, pressed his denial of Calvinism in five points. At the Synod of Dort (1618-19) they were banished from the Netherlands Reformed churches by the Calvinists, who set out their doctrine in five opposing points, the famous acronym, TULIP.2 Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc., Saint Ambrose, (Last accessed 7/31/15) http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/19014/Saint-Ambrose3 Encyclopdia Britannica, Inc., Saint Ambrose, (Last accessed 7/31/15) http//www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/19014/Saint-Ambrose

Entrepreneurship And Innovation At The Mcdonalds Commerce Essay

Entrepreneurship And Innovation At The Mcdonalds Commerce Essay creativity, psychiatric hospital and entrepreneurship be three essential tools of advantage for companies in the increasingly challenging business environment. Where, creativity is the exponent to develop unsanded stems and discover spick-and-span shipway of looking at problems and opportunities, Innovation is the key to economic development of any country. Inventions and originations ar the expression blocks of the future and Entrepreneurship is the act of creating something immature with value by devoting the necessary conviction and effort assuming the attach to financial psychic, social risks and receiving the resulting rewards of monetary value and personal satisfaction and independence. All three call for crude ideas and there is an element of risk involved in the implementation and the acceptability of the new idea. Where creativity is the ability to generate an idea, revolution is the process of the idea creation and entrepreneur is the person who performs both to become who he is, sign ups the risk, implements the idea in the form of a venture. In this fiercely agonistic, fast faced world(prenominal) economy creativity is not only an important source of edifice a competitive advantage provided is also a necessity for survival. When developing originative solutions to modern problems, entrepreneurs must go beyond exclusively using whatever has been used in the past. McDonalds is one overmuch(prenominal) bon ton which has earned its brand foresee over the years with effective use of entrepreneurship, creativity and revolution all put in adjust fanny in the organization allo upgradeg the fraternity to achieve massive competitive advantages and an edge at building new ideas and defining new and better agency of customer satisfaction.The smart set serves around 50 one million million customers in 30,000 destinations worldwide on a daily seat and pulling that off whilst conquestfully obtaining luxuriously revenues is a job that requires continuous k at one timeledgeability and out of the box thinking. McDonalds localize over the years has been postal code less than the customer itself. McDonalds took its strong roots in building a name in innovation during the 1990s and the early 2000ss when the opposition first started to grow. McDonalds at that time did not take its brand blondness for granted and infused its yeasty teams minds into the thought process that hand over and continue to generate innovative products and campaigns like life-sized Mac and Egg McMuffin (Entrepreneur, 2006 online).McDonalds offers an extensive case study of the application of a intimately thought of and constitutional innovation strategy, a product planning and developmental process that effectively reflects the changing constancy, its opportunity mention and analysis to stay on top, and the Mcdonalization culture and snuff itership enter with i nnovation that it follows to successfully practice innovation in all aspects and obtain customer satisfaction that defines industry standards. But even for a company like McDonalds room still exists for improvement. The paper analyses the company on these aspects. The paper after analysis of the incarnate entrepreneurship and innovation strategy world following in the company provide attempt to establish tri excepte for the enhancement of the competitive advantages of the company.Innovation StrategyThink big, start small, scale fast. This is the innovation strategy being followed by McDonalds. This idea was brought to parther by the managing director of McDonalds Ventures, Mats Lederhausen (Entrepreneur, 2006 online). The key players are all of the employees of the company who are well ingrained with the 5PS that form the paradox of the company. These 5 PS are plenty, harvest-festival, Promotion, Place and Price. The innovation that takes place in the company is all customer-o riented and started with sight and ends with people making effective use of company resources, offers and tools. The innovation strategy is built on one concept Customer is king. The insights and demands of the customers are the main triggers of the entire innovation process. The franchisees are known as owner-operators who are a big part of the innovation chain. Keeping such diversified franchises and their thought processes altogether merged with the company objectives and essence is a big challenge which goat not be controlled or centralized. The innovation process is decentralized making the owner-operators feel as much important in the company as those who are part of the core headquarters as well as encouraging them to create competitive advantages for the company. McDonalds seizes both opportunity it lav to bring innovation and lead the industry. McDonalds success is also based upon its suppliers that are part of the three-legged stool. For McDonalds, the quality of its p roducts is of absolute importance. It specifies highest standards for suppliers in the food industry. McDonalds focuses on developing close relationships with suppliers. At McDonalds, everything is done on an open accounting, handshake trust basis(Times100, 2009). McDonalds passs closely with the suppliers to develop and improve products and production techniques. This dependency is described as a three-legged stool principle, and involves McDonalds, the franchisees and the suppliers. The growth and success of the McDonalds, in this way, is shared by the suppliers of the restaurant who are able to seemly the quality standards (Times100, 2009). For McDonalds, the relationships between franchisor, franchisee and supplier are of paramount importance to the success of the innovation led business.The lick of Innovation and CreativityThe owner operators are small business owners who bugger off the entrepreneurial zeal in them and offer mixed ideas and imaginative insights that form success drivers for the company. Thus, they are involved in each of the innovation steps and processes. Each of the franchise of McDonalds is in itself a mini laboratory that has millions of potentiality ideas stored just time lag to be explored and the owner operators are the main source of their retrieval and practice.Sources of IdeasFor McDonalds, following are the main sources of ideas.Consumers are the fore intimately innovation triggers. These include potential as well as existing ones. They are granted great importance and attention to point to new directions. This attention takes the form of informally monitoring potential ideas and strikes and formally arranging for consumers to earn an opportunity to express their opinions (Bygrave, 2008).Existing products and helper in the grocery are also continuously monitored or evaluated to uncover ways to improve the services. This results in innovative products and services that have more than market appeal with better sales and profit potential.Owner-Operators, like mentioned above, are the biggest and most effective source of ideas for McDonalds as they offer insights of local appeals surrounding the franchises, which are then incorporated into new products and services. McDonalds introduction of Apple and Walnut salads is one such example of its catering to the local demands, which were communicated effectively by the owner operators. But there are also many demands, such as Shrimp salads that McDonalds wadnot before long cater to, because of lack of resources.Federal Government is also a source of new product ideas in two ways. First, the files of the Patent Office contain numerous new product possibilities. Although the patents themselves may not be feasible, they feces frequently suggest another(prenominal) more marketable product ideas. Second, new product ideas buttocks come in response to government regulations (Drucker, 2008)Research and Development is yet another moreover self-aggrand ising source of innovative ideas for McDonalds. McDonalds has its mini-laboratories in each of its franchises as well as liberal laboratories in its head-quarters in US which are continuously engaged in bringing in new product ideas and ingredients and recipes to win customer satisfaction.The Creative carry throughAlthough, creative ideas may appear to strike McDonalds as suddenly as a bolt of lightning but they are actually the result of the creative process, which involves the following steps forwardnessInvestigationTransformationIncubationVerificationImplementationPreparation involves getting the mind ready for creative thinking. Preparation includes a formal education, on the job training, work experience and taking advantage of other check offing opportunities. This training provides a foundation on which to build creativity and innovation. Investigation is where a immobile understanding of the problem, situation or the decision at hand is developed. Transformation involves viewing similarities and differences in the study collected. This phase requires two types of thinking convergent and divergent thinking. Convergent thinking is the ability to see the similarities and the connections among various data and events. Divergent thinking is the ability to see the differences among various data and events. The subconscious gather ups time to reflect on to the information collected, this is done during the incubation phase. Next comes the illumination phase, where a spontaneous break finished causes the light bulb to go on. McDonalds Innovation Council then verifies the ideas where it conducts experimentation to test the success potential in the idea generated. Implementation then follows where the idea is transformed to reality (Entrepreneur, 2006 online).Opportunity Recognition and AnalysisA business opportunity represents a possibility for the entrepreneur to successfully fill a large full unsatisfied need that enough sales and profits result. Reco gnition of an opportunity results from the knowledge and experience of the company and its employees. McDonalds shed light ons effective use of its knowledge base and maintains proper records of its previous industry analysis to point to new directions and market niches to exploit profits out of. Each and every innovative opportunity is carefully assessed through with(predicate) an opportunity analysis plan. This opportunity analysis plan comprises of four sectionsA description of the idea and its competitionAn assessment of the domestic and international market of the ideaAs assessment of the entrepreneur and the team andA discussion of the steps needed to make the idea the basis for a viable business venture.Product Planning and Development ProcessOnce ideas emerge from idea sources or creative problem solving, they need further development and evaluation. The product planning and development process at McDonalds is divided into five stagesThe idea stageThe concept stageProduct development stageTest marketing stagecommercializationOrganizational CultureMcDonalds has succeeded because it offers consumers, workers, and managers efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control. This constitutes the McDonalds model of work practice and work design, known as McDonalization. McDonalds is a global capitalist organization that transforming the production, consumption and distribution of food more importantly everyday life. McDonalds employs Taylors and Fords methods in its conclave line production.Ritzer discerns four elements of McdonalizationEfficiencyCalculabilityPredictability andControl (Haworth, n.d.)McDonalds offers efficiency, which is the optimum method for getting from one point to another. This means that McDonalds offers the best available way to get from being hungry to being full. For working(a) people, quick and well access to food is a blessing and McDonald offers just that through its efficient work practices. This fast-food model offers people an efficient method for satisfying many needs. (Ritzer, 1996, Pp. 9-11)To achieve this efficiency, workers in McDonaldized systems function efficiently. They are provided with training to work this way by managers, who supervise over them closely to make sure they come up to standards. This is ensured by organizational rules and regulations regarding production of highly efficient work.On the other hand, McDonalds also offers calculability, which is an emphasis on the numerical aspects of products sold (portion size, cost) and service offered. Quantity has become equivalent to quality that is something that must be good. The common customers perception of bigger is better, is very successfully satisfied with McDonalds Quarter Pounder, the Big Mac, and the large fries. People quantify these things and run into that they are getting a lot of food for quite less money. For consumers this is the best deal but for the food-food outlets this is the extraordinary profitability. (Ritzer, 1996, Pp. 9-11)Consumers also calculate the time it takes to drive to McDonalds, be served the food, eat it, and return home and then, they correspond that duration to the time required to prepare food at home. They believe that it takes them less time to get it from McDonalds than prepare the whole meal at home. This calculation obviously supports home-delivery franchises such as Mcdonalds, which emphasis on time saving.The McDonaldized institutions combine the emphases on time and money. Workers at McDonaldized systems emphasize the quantitative rather than the qualitative aspects of their work. This causes the workers to focus more on the amount of work they do rather than how well they do it, at times. This is how McDonalds employs Frederick Taylors scientific management work practices, that related the work directly with pay. (Daft, 1997)The third element of the McDonalization is that McDonalds offers predictability, the assurance that the products and services forge t be the same every time and in all outlets. For example, the Egg McMuffin in New York is resembling to those in Chicago and Los Angeles. To be more precise, those eaten next week or next year will be identical to those eaten today. This provides a great comfort in knowing that McDonalds offers no surprises, its service is predictable. People know that the next Egg McMuffin they eat will taste about the same as the others they have eaten it will be what is expected and in mind of the consumer. The success of the McDonalds model explains that many people have come to prefer a world in which there are few surprises, because unpredictability can be dangerous too (Ritzer, 1996, Pp. 9-11) .Relating this to the work practices at McDonalds, the workers in McDonaldized systems also behave in predictable ways. They are confined by the corporate rules as well as the dictates of their managers. McDonalds offers extensive training to its employees, which is so standardized that whatever the em ployees say at customer touch points is scripted by the managers themselves. McDonalds has pioneered in the routinization of synergetic service work (Ritzer, 1996, Pp. 9-11).Fourthly, McDonalds practices control, especially through the substitution of nonhuman for human technology. A human technology is controlled by people a nonhuman technology (controls people. The people who eat in fast-food restaurants are controlled through lines, restrict menus, few options, and uncomfortable seats. All of these enable the customers to eat quickly and countenance (Ritzer, 1996, Pp. 9-11).The employees in McDonalds working under the McDonaldized organizations are also controlled to a high degree. They are provided trained to do a limited number of tasks in precisely the way they are ordered to do them. The technologies and the way the organization is point up reinforce this control. Managers and supervisors make sure that workers follow the line. (Ritzer, 1996, Pp. 9-11).How does McDonalds makes sure employees follow up to this control? It threatens them to substitute them with technology. But employees cannot be controlled from fouling up the systems operation. The manager cannot control a slow worker, who can still make the preparation and delivery of a Big Mac inefficient and worker who refuses to follow the rules might leave the pickles or special sauce off a hamburger, thereby making for unpredictability. And then a confuse worker can put too few fries in the box, making an order of large fries seem skimpy. It is for these reasons, McDonalds has been obliged to steadily replace human beings with non-human technologies, such as the soft-drink dispenser that shuts itself off when the blur is full, the french-fry machine that rings and lifts itself out of the oil when the fries are crisp, the preprogrammed cash register that eliminates the need for the cashier to calculate prices and amounts, and, perhaps at some future time, the robot capable of making hamburge rs. such technologies increase the companys control over workers. And in this way McDonalds can assure customers that their employees and service will be consistent (Ritzer, 1996, Pp. 9-11).Increasing Competitive AdvantagesBeing an innovation leader in the food service industry, McDonalds does not let its creative heads fall asleep. It is always looking for new directions to improve its customer services to pave way for profitable business. Following are the ways in which McDonalds can sustain and increase its competitive advantage in the face of aggressive rivalry in the food service industry.Enhancing Organizational CreativityMcDonalds can enhance its organizational creativity byEmbracing diversity one of the best ways to cultivate a culture of creativity is to hire a diverse workforce. When people solve problems or come up with ideas, they do so in the same framework of their experience. Hiring people from different backgrounds, pagan experiences, hobbies, and interests provid es the company with crucial raw material needed for creativity.Expecting Creativity employees rend to rise- or fall- to the level of expectations of entrepreneurs have of them. single of the best ways to communicate the expectation of creativity is to give employees permission to be creative (Morris, 2009)Expecting and tolerating yieldure creative ideas will produce failures as wells as successes. People who never fail are not being creative. Creativity requires taking chances and managers must remove employees fear of failure. The surest way to avert creativity throughout an organization is to punish employees who try something new and fail.Encouraging curiosity McDonalds may economize its managers and employees asking the question what if and take a maybe we could attitude to break out of assumptions that limit creativity. aftermath Problems as Challenges every problem offers an opportunity for innovation. Entrepreneurs who allow employees to dump all of their problems to desk to be fixed do nothing to develop the creativity within those employees.Providing Creative Training almost everyone has the capacity to be creative, but developing creativity requires training. Training accomplished through books, seminars, workshops and professional meeting can help everyone learn to tap their creative capacity.Providing Support the higher level management of McDonalds should give employees the tools and resources they need to be creative. One of the most valuable resources is time.Rewarding creativity they can also encourage creativity by recognize it when it occurs. Financial rewards can be effective motivation but non-monetary rewards such as praise, recognition, and celebration can be more powerful incentives.Modeling Creative Behavior creativity is caught as much as it is taught. Companies that excel at innovation find that the passion for creativity starts at the top. Entrepreneurs set examples of creative behavior, take chance and challenge the sta tus quo will soon find their employees doing the same (Morris, 2009).Improving the Creative ProcessTeams of people working together usually can generate more and more creative idea. tether techniques McDonalds can use to improve the quality of creative ideas that follow from its Innovation Council brainstorming, mind-mapping and rapid prototyping.Brainstorming is a process in which a small group of people interact with very little organize with the goal of producing a large quantity of novel and imaginative ideas. Another useful tool for jump-starting creativity is mind mapping, an extension of brainstorming. The strength of mind mapping is that it reflects the way the brain actually works. Rather than browsing out ideas in a linear fashion, the brain jumps from one idea to another. Generating creative ideas is a vituperative step in the process of taking an idea for a product or a service successfully to the market. However, entrepreneurs find that most of their ideas wont work and thats where rapid prototyping plays an important part in the creative process. The promise behind rapid prototyping is that transforming an idea into an actual model will point out flaws in the original idea and will lead to improvements in its design (Hisrich, 2009).ConclusionDick and Mac were the ones who capable the first McDonalds restaurant in 1940 in San Bernardino, California, and at that time they could not have imagined the worldwide phenomial success that McDonalds now enjoys. What got them famous was their winning formula of selling a high quality product stingily and quickly. The business really began to grow immensely once Ray Kroc, a Chicago based salesman, who was a marketing expert, joined the team (Watson, 2002). He decided to spread McDonalds formula throughout the United States and beyond. McDonalds now has more than 30,000 restaurants all over the world. Its serves 46 million customers everyday, that is equal to a lunch and dinner for every man, woman, and child in the world McDonalds enjoys sales over $38bn from the entire world, which make it the biggest food service company internationally. McDonalds paradox of success lies with innovation and giving customer satisfaction the priority for its service offerings and operations. It keeps track of industry changes, anticipates consumer preferences and incorporates them into the product. Also, insights and communication with owner operators provides new product ideas and a highly effective and successful innovation process that is dealt by the McDonalds innovation council and together with the organizational culture of McDonalisation, it is practicing innovation in all aspects and providing innovation embedded services all around the world. But even a company like McDonalds has room for improvement, whereby it can enhance the creativity of its organization by infusing the culture of innovation more predominantly than before into each organizational level and improving the overall creat ive idea generating process. In the face of globalization, innovation offers a highly effective opportunity which companies like McDonald are making effective use of but it is more of a continuous process rather than a one-time thing.