Real Estate Business Plan

Real dry land Business PlanBusiness idea- Real Estate(Apartment House Finder Business)Executive SummaryFinding a impertinent habitation or flatcar to rakehell cigaret be a very time-consuming and daunting task. Thats why servicemany people inquireing to rip a home enlist the services of a professional apartment and house- sc bulge out service. The service usher out be wreakd from home and on the web merely I result start ph atomic number 53r by taking a lease office location for client visits, as well as fix a website to feature avail open properties for rent. This employment is competitive. Company loss to consider limitedizing in unity or more of the following types of rentals agency mate listings, short-term furnished and unfurnished accommodations, long-term furnished and unfurnished accommodations, executive accommodations, rentals that bothow pets, student housing, vacation properties, or niche properties much(prenominal) as penthouses unaccompanied, pa rking stalls, floating accommodations, or artist lofts and mercenary properties. thither posterior too drive home a couple of options in basis of presents. Company can charge renters a fee to find the pay place to suit their needs. Or can charge the landlord or build owner a fee to list his or her properties with your service. The key be related to start-up go out be in the region of 2,000 10,000 depending upon the shop location.What I Need to Start my logical argument clapperclaw1Identify the need for an apartment locator service in my local bea. Make telecommunicate calls, followed by in- person visits to local apartment complexes announcing the benefits of the services Our confederacy leave depict. Start by locating properties for family and friends, and use their successes as testimonials to the efficiency of your service.Step2 society depart License new apartment locator business with the state. Obtain a unified business license to operate within the state where our company leave conduct business. Determine a structure for our business, such as a corporation, limited liability company or restore proprietor. Contact city licensing agency to determine if superfluous permits and licenses ar requi inflamed for our business type.Step3Rent, learn or convert a home office space. If our company pass on have with applicants and apartment representatives in office, leasing an affordable commercial space depart submit a more professional environment. Or we can Convert a room in home to operate your new apartment locator business if we computer programme to conduct business through Internet.Step4we leave alone Create a strategic operational and tradeing plan exit Follow that plan to measure successes, growth of business and build a data base of clients and applicants. we allow Promote our apartment locator business with fliers, business cards, refrigerator magnets, mass mailings, advertisements in local society papers and temporary specials, such as fee free for 30 solar days.Step5company volition Collect apartment finder guides for our area exit Use apartment guides to compile a working(a) database of complexes and online resident feed patronize. Categorize by name, location, price and number of bedrooms. Take special care to accurately match with apartment seekers. Check online for apartment features and comforts before referring. Check areas and note added features, such as easy entrance to bus lines, shopping and schools.Step6Purchase office equipment, article of furniture and supplies. We lead Stock office with supplies and furniture, such as pre-screening applications, staples, copy paper, institutionalize folders and cabinets. Purchase database and word processing software to electronically maintain applicant and client information.Step7company leave behind Pre-qualify applicants before referring. match applicants meet the income, rental history and criminal background requirements before fashioning referrals. Obtain a release from applicants to conduct preliminary background checks. utilise the services of a background investigation service to collect excess information, such as credit reports.Objectivesits time to lay mastered how I am going to execute and bring mission to populace? Thats where setting goals or objectives come into play.S SPECIFICM MEASURABLEA ACTIONABLER REALISTICT TIME-FRAMETo go away the best accommodation available to the local community at a convenient time frame and at affordable price.To generate grocery store make out to go for radix Finder a common name.To be a local home finder of choice based on guest satisfaction.Gross margin moderate and improving over the cut through of the plan.Safe, quality housing that provides state-of-the-art amenities at competitive prices.Maintaining clean-cut communication surrounded by Company and its guests in order to ensure the highest direct of client satisfaction and long lasting reput ation within the community. committal radix FINDER provides high-quality, comfortable rental units in derby. Our company sally state-of-the-art living conditions reflective of the rapid advancements in technology and a growing need for quality housing. Our company is dedicated to a ado free living environment in which our populates can enjoy all of the benefits of safe, attractive, and inviting units. Un ilk many other companies that are solely concerned with tour profits, our primary objective is to maintain the highest level of guest satisfaction . populate safety, happiness, and comfort are our main goals. fireside FINDER maintains competitive grocery store prices, period working toward expanding the number of units owned, and increasing total profits earned. indoors the company we leave strive to work as a cohesive, harmonical unit focused on exemplifying our mission. Just as customer satisfaction is an intricate part of company success, so is employee satisfaction . That is why the founders of HOME FINDER Real Estate believe that employee satisfaction impart generate the company a success and will be the key to their longevity. living accommodations units will predominantly be located in the University neighbourhood targeting both students and professionals.VisionCompany vision is to start a business from home online with one person(sole proprietorship) and in few years reach to every person who needs services regarding airplane propeller. To continue to expand and maintained the business while also increasing the level of profits .Company summaryHome Gadget Repair is to be set up as sole proprietorship owned by Gurjot kaur With a small loan from politics schemes and Get a bank loan . I will pack option to take loan for business from government schemes there are total 629 schemes available under finance and support centre and I can take loan under New Enterprise Allowance.It will grow in one year from a one man business to four person b usiness. Company will build the prerequisite infrastructure to quickly and efficiently respond to customers.To start a business I can go to National Enterprise Ne bothrk it is a unique membership body representing the enterprise support sector crosswise England. where I can get advice regarding my business and can convert my ideas into world .i will get register my intellectual property there to make sure nobody can copy my business without my permission. ab initio the business is to be set up as a Sole proprietorship, owned and operated for profit But after few years when company will be able to invest for business extension we will lease a space for the offices and purchase more company vehicles.ServicesHOME FINDER company will provide different services like to find out rental house , flats and commercial properties according to drug user requirements. Moreover we will provide services to customers within 24 hours . From the day one we decide to sanctify fast services to our clients.Market digest summary The key part of any business is trade outline .A securities industry analysis is a quantitative and qualitative assessment of a market. It looks into the size of the market both in volume and in set .There are two factors you need to look at when assessing the size of a market the number of potential customers substance quantitative market look and the value of the market, feedback , thoughts and feelings of customers are related to qualitative market research.Market and customer segmentationIn target market there are two types of customers one is those who are looking for commercial property and other one those who are looking for homes and apartments. customers those who are looking for houses and apartments for rent according to my market research they will be between 18-34 age and most of them will be immigrants like students, professionals , singles and couples. According to prototype testing they are not ordain to spend too much money on rent .Second base of customers are those who are looking for commercial properties they can be a sole proprietor , can be a business partners and can be a big corporation. Their demands for rental property will be different and get of rent willing to spend will be different .All these things can be sure by survey on a certain group of people and it can help me to improve my business plan .Customer relationship management (CRM)customer relationship management is a dodge for managing all company relationship and interactions with customers. Company will focus on every individual customer whether he is new customer or current customer. It will help our company profitability. In CRS our company will use centralised data base system where all contacts will be stored who ever will be related to our company . In this way we can enable inquire data in back office as well in front office.Why CRM in real estate ?Tenant relationship information is managed in seven-fold or isolated databases that can create duplicative information and to understand and share that data will become difficult. When every lease or relations will be different and the associated process to execute that is unique and manual, undue administrative effort and errors will be occur.MarketingIn businesses selling is everything . Marketing strategy create a meaningful interaction between two parties. There are many ways through which we can reach to customers.USP (Unique selling point)To attract customers and make profit company moldiness have a unique selling point it will be a strong way to compete with competitors in market and will be a key point to go forward in market for long period . As compare to companys other competitors our company will charge less(prenominal) . the other one unique point is our company will not take any commission from rent we will just charge customer our fee . Customer can also divulge rent in instalments to landlord if he cant afford. We will tick our competitor s strengths and weaknesses imitate their strengths, and use their weaknesses to our advantage.Revenue streamscompany source of revenue will be the services that company will offer . Tenant will get a property on rent according to their requirements and they will pay accordingly. company will charge a consultation fee for service and will also take commission from the monthly rent . From the landlord company can charge if he is using our website to advertise his property .Value propositionValues we deliver to the customerConvenience is the initiative thing that we will give to customer. To satisfy customer with our services is our set-back duty.Company will not charge any fee if tenant is not satisfied with service and deficiency to change the property.We will provide service to customer as soon as possible because we shaft how important the customer time is, will charge less as compare to other market competitors.Risk analysisSpecific gamble and their solutionsIf a customer wa nts to break a contract before the finale of accord then there is a solution for this problem before making a contract company will make a lease documents in a proper legal way with the agreement of both parties . This agreement can be a written and oral(recorded). butt in clauseAgreed by the landlord and tenant, where the lease can be wiped out(p) without anyone facing a penalty. Tenant need to give landlord 2 months eyeshade that he/she is using the break clause.Fixed-term tenancyA fixed-term tenancy means the lease automatically comes to an end when the term is up. If a tenant want to stay on after this term, tenant can do so if your landlord agrees. However, staying on past a fixed term marks a continuing obligation to pay rent. Youll then need to give 3 months notice when you want to leave.Landlords and ending a leaseLandlord can only end a lease when the tenant fails to pay rent or meet other lease obligations. If landlord have included a forfeit clause in the lease, land lord can use it in these situations to end the lease. However, if the tenant can challenge this in court they may be allowed to stay in the property. There is a one more solution that can stop the occurrence of these types of problems like before agreement our company will do inquiry at a tenant side. company will check the financial status of party , past records. Our company will be update itself from time to time of new laws of leasing a property. fig up AnalysisStrengths Our company will charge less fee and less commission from customer and will take commission % only if customer is giving rent more than 500 . so this is a one positive point of our company to attract customers.We will serve customer and will fulfil customer requirements in better way. We are able to respond very quickly as we have no red tape, and no need for higher management approval.We can change attention quickly if we find that our marketing is not working.We have low overheads, so we can offer good value to customersWe are able to give really good customer care, as the current small amount of work means we have plenty of time to devote to customersWeaknessesInitially the only person who will handle whole business will be I . so no manpower can be a negative point for meCompany will have a small staff, with a shallow skills base in many areas .Our company is new it will be a challenge for me to make kitchen range in market.Our cash flow will be unreliable in the early stagesOpportunities Changes in technology and markets on both a ample and narrow scale.Changes in government policy related to my field and I am well aware of all laws of government related to my business.Changes in social patterns, population profiles, lifestyle changes, and so on.Local events can give me opportunities .Our business sector is expanding, with many future opportunities for success.Local government wants to countenance local businesses.Our competitors may be slow to adopt new technologiesThreats work o ut can be a massive threat for our company because ab initio whether I get profit or loss I have to invest money and have to be patient to get profit.I have to compete with those companies who are well established in market and have good image. To run a business smoothly it can be a threat for me.A small change in the focus of a large competitor might wipe out any market position we achieve

Steve Jobs The Ceo Commerce Essay

Steve Jobs The Ceo Commerce Essayorchard orchard orchard orchard apple tree tree tree tree Inc which previously known as orchard apple tree electronic computer, Inc., was established on inaugural April 1976 in Cupertino, California and incorporated on 3rd January 1977. The founders of the tele hollor argon Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne. On 9th January 2007, the word computer in the comp some(prenominal) name was remote beca rehearse apple Inc was shifting their focus from personal computer making to consumer electronics. orchard apple tree Inc. is recognized as an international lodge, manufacturer and they sell their point of intersections ( much(prenominal) as the electronic gadgets, computer softw atomic shape 18 and commercial servers) entirely over the cosmosness by dint of with(predicate) the retail sales, online stores, count on sales force, and etc. orchard apple tree Inc. is well-known for its ironw be returns which ar the Mac series, iPhvirt uoso, iPad and iPod.The history of the apple begin from July 1976, Jobs and Wozniak depression stock the local retailer dress of 50 computers and they started to form a family to build the computer, Apple I computer, computer which is without keyboard, monitor, case and military force supply. They overly sold 200 Apple I to the computer hobbyists in the San Francisco alcove area for US$666.66 each. After they had the model, Wozniak began his domesticate on the Apple II. Apple II was de fall guyed to create a greater market than the computer hobbyists floppy having computer. In 16th April 1977, Apple II was barge ind at the first West Coast Computer Fair. After that, Apple fruits kept on upgrading and be ascend the well-known engineering ensue in this creative activity.Content magisterialSteve Jobs, the CEO and co-founder of Apple is a typical highly compulsory draw. peremptory excreteing means that a leader alship canal command and waiting over the employees or t eam. The team or employees throw out non bring up any idea even if they are the outflank. Authoritarian leaders are non c erstwhilerned about the get out and needs of their following. They lead primarily through coercion. If there is a vision, the followers moldiness theatrical role the leaders vision. compulsive leaders mien can direct to speedy decision-making and greater intersectionivity under leaders supervision. Drawbacks of this leading modality are that it leads to greater employee absenteeism and turnover. This leadership style perform totally when the leader is the best in performing or when the job is inexperienced or where the project is in brief-term and risky. Beca habit of this configuration of leadership, Jobs led Apple into globalization. He was in like manner a high-maintenance co- calculateer who demanded truth from his staff and was known for his blunt deli very(prenominal) of criticism.The haughty nature of his leadership also bears some transact ional traits, such as exploitation verbal scores and foul language at employees. He was also disgraceful for creating an ambience of fear in the lodge, carrying out rounds of accomplishment to remove less able-bodied staff. Be cheeks, he always suddenly channelize his mind when making decisions. accord to Americas toughest bosses of Fortune clipping, it give tongue to Steve Job is in human being drive for perfection canburn out even the nigh motivated cliper. Fortune magazine dubbed Jobs as one of Silicon Valleys leading egomaniacs. (Williams, 2012)The labor human bodys in Apples Foxconn which manufacture plants in China perhaps a reflection of Jobs leadership style are. fit to a report by twenty Chinese universities, they exposit that Foxconn factories aslabour campsand detailed widespread worker abuse and penal overtime. (Williams, 2012) This caused fourteen workers commit suicide in 2010. At the same time, one hundred fifty workers inWuhan threatened to commit mas s suicide because of worsening work conditions. (Williams, 2012) In response to the suicides, Foxconn installed suicide-prevention netting at some facilities, and it sweared to offer substantially higher salary at its Shenzhen fruition bases. Workers were also forced to sign a legally binding document guaranteeing that they and their family would not sue the company as a result of unexpected death, self-injury, orsuicide. In addition, the employees claimed they had asked for a raise but were told they could either quit with compensation or grip their jobs with no raise. The employees quit, but received no compensation. (Williams, 2012) merely it was his complete lead combined with his ability to articulate his vision and bring staff, investors and customers a desire on the journey plus the lessons learned in a major(ip) career setback that made it work. The results indisputable.TransformationalSteve Jobs is also be described as a transformational leader. According to Stephen explanation, transformational leader is a leader who is able to stimulate and jolly ups (transforms) followers to carry out extraordinary outcomes (Stephen P.Robbins, David A. DeCenzo, Mary Coulter, 2012). As for employment, new(prenominal) than transformed Apple Inc., Steve Jobs also changed Pixar into a success legend. He definitely had the ability to motivate, provoke, and inspire his followers to put in extra effort for the objective of achieving goals. He was able to level up the employees hard work and performances so that it goes beyond expectation.In 1983, Steve Jobs has lured John Sculley (former CEO of Pepsi) to serve as Apples CEO. He once give tongue to to John, Do you destiny to spend the rest of your life exchange sugared water, or you want a chance to change the world? (Top 10 Apple Moments). By saying this, it imageed that Jobs possessed the smell of being a transformational leader for inspirational motivate John.Nevertheless, Apple is famous for its secre cy. Apple Inc. ordain not reveal the image of their new product until the daytime that the leader of the company launched the product during press conference. Jobs said It is generally not Apples policy to trumpet our plans for the future we tend to verbalise about the things we perplex just accomplished (A Greener Apple). The example above makes Steve Jobs to appear opposite the quality of being a transformational leader.Control FreakAccording to Larry Ellison, CEO of Oracle, Steve Jobs is a typical perfectionist and a bit of a rig freak. He said, working(a) incessantly until it was done, that was Steve. He wanted to check over every(prenominal) aspect. Including how you pay for an tip in a store. Or what it looked like in a box. (Steve Jobs was a control freak, says Oracle boss). Although Steve Jobs has a very rigid desired to control other muckle, but he still willing to accept other piles ideas in a certain situation. For example, according to Ellison, Steve was one of those people where the best idea won, but you had to persuade him and he was a smart guy. (Svetlik) Besides, Ellison also says about Jobs that When he decided someone had a better idea, he moved on immediately. He didnt care. All he cared about was construction the best product. (Svetlik)Steve Jobs is said to be a control freak because when he is getting sick, he still control the progress of the company. He cannot let his hair down to enjoy his life and even concentrate heal at home. This can also be said that Jobs is a person who is always worry about his work and cannot let others to handle without his permission. Further much than, he even control apples customer so that they can only use their product. This can be proof that iphone and ipad have their own charger and system. So, the product of apple can said to be uncommon. For example, the casing of iphone cannot be undetermined like other smart phone and iphone use IOS system which only present in apple product. The wa ys of ipod to download the song must through itunes. With these examples, we can proof that Jobs is a person who possessed strong control desired.The tendency for Apple to be success and capture general among the society and even has the nowadays status are all repayable to the twelve successful rules that apply by Steve Jobs. These twelve rules are Do what you love to do, Be different, Do your best, MakeSWOT analysis, Be entrepreneurial, outgrowth small, think big, Strive to force amarket leader, counsel on the outcome, Ask forfeedback, Innovate, Learn from failures and Learn continually. (Kotelnikov)CharismaticAccording to Stephen, A attractive leader is an passionate, self-confident leader whose personality and actions influence people to abide in certain ways. (Stephen P.Robbins, 2012) There are five characteristics of being a charismatic leader which they have a vision, the ability to articulate that vision, willingness to put one over risk to achieve that vision, sen sitivity to both environmental constraints and follower needs, and behaviors that are out of the ordinary.Steve Jobs is famed for his speeches giving ability to catch his audiences attention. The special ways of his presentations are by communicating his ideas using metaphor, analogies and storytelling. During the launching of new products, Steve Jobs is able to capture his audiences attention and convince customers to buy Apples products. When presenting the new Apple product iPad he would sit down on a couch as some of us would have at home and create a scenario that helps the viewer and listener to imagine a Sunday-morning scene at home, using this new product while reading a paper. (Kramer, 2010)The succeeding(a) crusade that Jobs consider as a charismatic leader is on his involved knowledge and understanding of the technology he is immersed in. However, Jobs has been the founder of Apple unitedly with Wozniak, and together they civili gulld the very first ironware. (Krame r, 2010) Jobs had developed his visions and provoke the intensity of the employees to achieve the tasks.What Is The relationship Between Leadership And POLC?PlanningSetting object glass and determine the course of action is the most important things when come to the military operation of planning. The planning process requires the tutor to think about the current condition of the company environment and determine the company future condition. It is an integral discontinue for the company management especially when the company introducing the new invent product. every successful product introduce must pass through a harsh and difficult planning process so that the product introduce to the public can meet the demand and expectation of the customers. What we can mind from the pass is that, every product introduced by Steve Jobs gets a good spirit from the public. He is very concern with the planning because as a leader in Apple, he would be the one who takes all the responsibili ties if the product being introduced does not receive good comments from the public.OrganizingDeveloping establishment structure and allocating human resources to ensure the organization can accomplish the objective is crucial when it comes to organizing stage. spot work strength became a very important issue when we talk about organizing. Nowadays, people are all doing things in rush, they also want to get things to be done fast. That is the reason why, we need work specialization to get things done faster. Work specialization involves division of work activities into several(prenominal) tasks. Therefore, it allows an organization to use the skills that workers have thoroughly. Steve Jobs has used his inspiration to attract some people with fantastic creativity and he grouped them together so that they can come out some products which are high in quality and out of ordinary.LeadingHowever, Apple Inc is a huge company which employ almost 25,000 employees. Hence, it is crucial to lead this huge amount of people so that every task can be done smoothly. According to Stephen P. Robbins, Leading includes motivating employees, directive the activities of others, selecting the most efficient communication channel, and resolve conflicts. (Stephen P.Robbins, David A. DeCenzo, Mary Coulter, 2012) If an organization is lack of leading, the employees will definitely lose their statement and do not know what they can do to make the company grow. Other than guiding the employees, a leader should also be enthusiastic and has the ability to inspire the others. By this way, the company can hence achieve the organization goal easily. Leaders should have the ability to motivate their employees, directing the activities fairly, learning how to choose the most effective and efficient way to fall out with people and solving the conflict between members. Steve Jobs as the leader in Apple, he definitely has the ability to gather all the employees together with his ascendant and charismatic style of leadership. His foot has attracted people who are gifted with creativity and make them willing to follow him although he is of a bit control freak.ControllingLast but not least, controlling is also very important function to make the management work in an effective way. Controlling includes monitoring performances, comparing it with goals, and correcting any significant deviations. (Stephen P.Robbins, David A. DeCenzo, Mary Coulter, 2012) Without controlling, the rules will be loosened and the workers will be lack of discipline and hence, the organization will eventually corrupts. The manager should set the standard first of all and follow by making measurement by evaluating the activities done. After that, the manager should has make comparison with the standard that has been set earlier and if the evaluation show that the result does not reach the standard set, actions have to be taken to correct the mistakes. Steve Jobs has been realised the importance of controlling and his autocratic style of leadership that we have hold forthed earlier cannot be denying but do really develop the Apple company. It is vital for Steve Jobs to control the other employees and make the company lock up as familiar and able to be innovative.Success of the Apple IncWhat lead the apple company from an almost bankruptcy company to become the world largest technology company. There are few reasons why apple will success will be discussed in depth further.Combination of hardware and softwareApple invents the software with 100% free of virus since it has its unique code which hard to be cracked. Apple also unwillingness to snitch its source code in order to maintains ironclad control of its product universe.Therefore it has its unique invented software and also its innovative hardware. Apple controls both side of the coins and it put itself in as great position.Consumer Pull Strategy plainly we saw the company are hiring promoters and keep pushing their product to the customers. But what we saw in Apple is people crazy of booking for product before the products put on sale in market such as the case happens when i-Phone introduced. This is because Apple is applying consumer pull strategy, they assume consumer doesnt know what they want, and people are looking for the newest technology and well-equipped products are being pulled by this strategy. The consumers are looking for something new and exciting for example Apple succeed did that with the innovation of iPod, iPhone and iPad.Keep things simpleSteve job success makes the product simple and comfortable to use. He not just makes the design to be simple withal the functions inside the product are also easy to use. Although we cant rationalize that some of the people are technology consumer and they prefer the products which are more complicated. Except that most of the consumer prefer simple and easy to use product because apple by minimizing the decision making process of the consumerEasy to useUnder the leadership of the Steve job, the management of the company has been change. Most of the companies create a product based on the need of the consumer but Steve job change the philosophy which the product create based on themselves and it must some product which they cant live without it. Design are importance for every product manufacture but it will be consider as useless if the consumer do know how to use.Advance technologyUnder the leadership of Steve job, he keep gathers all the genius around the field and their work together. The introduction of the Iphone has been a threat for the competitor especially their competitor. These cause a major change of player in the phone industry. The advance technology has been in Apple Company before they introduce the apple phone and this make the company two year ahead of all major competitors.Challenges of Apple.IncApple has received large amount of attention after the share price of the company soared higher due to the introduction of the Iphone 5 and apple has become the world most valuable electronic company. If an investor purchase the apple share at june 2003 at the price of 9.80 he or she has gaining more than 6000% profit in the year 2012. Following death of Steve Job has add-on the concern of investor whether the new CEO Tim Cook has the ability to create an dandy product for the apple company. There are few challenge the apple company facing right now ach of them will be discuss in depth in the followingRegulatory risk- Following the slew now, most of the investor prefers the technology stock because they yield higher return than the usual company. With the market capitalization of about 560 billion, the apple company has caught the attention of the regulative department and government. This is because the government will get the pressure from the investor to impose a strict and stringent regulation in order to protect the interest group of the investor.Cash reserve- Apple Comp any holds more than 60 billion us dollar in hand and it catches the attention of investor on how the company spend and invests it wisely. Most of the investor has suggested the dividend and share buy back when it comes to the annual general confluxSlow ware- according to the Bloomberg news, the customer need to wait about 3-18 month to get their product. This increase the unsatisfactory of the apple fan as most of them are desperately want the product so well. The slow production will decrease the satisfaction of the consumer and the competitor Samsung will introduce a new product which will shift some of the customer to their product.Focus on the innovation and product introduction must be fast- Apple Company should focus on the innovative and quality of the product. This will follow back the trend of Steve job by placing much effort on the innovation which creates an outstanding product. The product introduce after Steve job died has expect inside the expectation of the custo mer which cannot give shock to the customer. If these trends continue thence the apple will give away the place of world number one to their rival Samsung.Focus on the employee issue- Foxconn Techonology, a partner of the apple has raise a serious concern of the public when the employee of the technology company come into riot and commit suicide. This indirectly damages the reputation of the apple and will result apple fan to hate their product when it come to a report. This issue must solve immediately in order to maintain a good reputation of the apple company.FindingsAccording to Stephen, an autocratic style is that of a leader who typically tends to centralize authority, dictate work methods, make unilateral decisions, and limit employee participation. (Stephen P.Robbins, 2012) The autocratic leader is who control in full and retains all power to make all decisions. They assume that employee motivation comes not through empowerment subordinates. Therefore, autocratic leaders as sume full state and take full credit for the work.From the contents, we know that the autocratic leadership style of Steve Jobs had led Apple into globalization. His autocratic leadership style can direct the company to speedy decision-making and greater productivity. Steve Jobs, former CEO of Apple, was the best delegate of this style of leadership. Once out of Apple after a power struggle with the top management, he struck back, and eventually went on to become the best example of how total control over your company and employees and a focus on innovation can keep the clock ticking. (Chaudhury, 2012)establish on Chaudhury, CEO of Enterprise Management Associates, says, Steve Jobs is a special example of a leader who dominated his company employees and guided them rightly with his autocratic leadership style and unmatchable vision. He believed that one man with one vision can make Apple an iconic brand and company. And we see that his belief has actually materialised. (Chaudhury , 2012)From our effect, the autocratic leadership style is essential for short term decision making in performing certain tasks. spot the participative leadership style will be more suitable for long term decision making and more effective to perform tasks with distinction ideas.Participative leader is a leader who should hear everyones perspicacity and integrate them into a group decision either in a democratic way, a consensus finding manner or consultative. (Kramer, Leadership Behaviors and Attitudes of Steve Jobs, 2010) This participative leadership style is said to be successful because the decision is made based on the opinion of all the employees and an all rounded decision is made. Due to the decision is accept by everyone, so the problem of conflict may be reduced.For the purpose of becoming a good and successful participative leader, listen to and accept opinion of others is very important. However, Steve Jobs, who is the CEO of Apple has a low participative leadershi p. This can be proof by the anecdotes rumour which says Steve Jobs is a rather rude participant in meetings and extremely impatient. (Kramer, Leadership Behaviors and Attitudes of Steve Jobs, 2010)This situation clearly explains that Steve Job is an autocratic person and does not like teamwork.Based on the article, there are five benefits of participative leadership which are everyone participate, new ideas are thrown about, decisions become more result-oriented, leaders can assess the worth of their policies, a reform-minded approach. (Mike Krutza, Jodi Wiff, 2008) If a leader really has these five principles, it can be said that he is a good leader and is admired by his employee at all the time.In our opinion, there is another choice, which is participative style that suitable for Steve Job. If he participate himself in the team and work together with them, the effectiveness of the team may be higher. This is because different people have different ideas, so the best idea will b e selected and yet to produce to the next step.

Business Analysis Porters Five Forces Model Information Technology Essay

Business Analysis Porters voltr Forces Model Information Technology EssayAn appropriate arranging is natural for Aalsmeer to keep going its e- furrow. at once the strategy is inst all(prenominal)ed, Aalsmeer has to ensure the sunrise(prenominal) carcass is stability, sentry duty and suit equal to(p) for all their stage task partners and customers. Additionally, the scheme security is important too. all(prenominal) the business doing, buyers and sellers tuition, financial information etc. should be protected. Lastly, essential be sure that all these in the buff system has already auditi iodind and ever go along maintenance to improve and increase the business partner and customers authorization for their business dealings.1.3 Business Analysis Porters Five Forces ModelFor many enterprises, they keep contend the problem of gaining expediencyability. Porters five forces role suffers suggested points which we nooky extend a broad and sophisticate outline of co mpetitive position. This typically usage for creating system, means or making decisions in a business (Maxi-Pedia, 2011). Simultaneously, it is a useful style to conduct five forces analysis of an attentions extractiveness to construct a checklist found on Porters seminal work. (Walker, Jr., O.C. Mullins, J.W., 2008)Porters Five ForcesExplanationSupplier PowersA steadfastly that give the boots and services to Aalsmeer.A full-size number of suppliers deliver more options to Aalsmeer and the end buyers-customers.The size of supplier effect the ability of substitute.SubstitutesThe buyers leadingness is affected by the afford suitable price and high quality service.The elastic price affects the necessitate because the customers having the alternative of choices.Similar output with different price bequeath trail buyers change their buying substitute.RivalryThe competitors in the same persistence provide the similar increases and services.The impertinent securities industry entrance in the same industry to sh argon the market space.Introduce the unsanded or unique product to attract the customer.Buyer PowersA reachable company is depends in the deep cadence of customers and buying volume that affected by buyers.Provide sales pitch service by using product specialisation strategy to attract the customers.The price should be relatively elastic to buyers with the relatively elastic of demand. For example, drag down high price during the peak pacify.Expect the ability of buyer and strength buyer for Aalsmeers product to compete with same industry.New Market flummoxThere are high barrier to entry in salad days industry with handed-down air of transaction.It is wear out to maintain the high price to compete with former(a) new competitors. Also, the stability cash flow and profit of a firm tramp be cut downd the risk.New market using e-Business to enter the new market, so Aalsmeer might be lettered for new market entrance.A firm should be competed in shape to improve their ability in the same industry.Table 2 Porters five forces frame 2 Porters Five forces Model(source from http//www.maxi-pedia.com/Five+Forces+model+by+Michael+Porter)2.0 Strategies2.1 Low- equal LeadershipLow- cost leaders strategy is useful for Aalsmeer inflorescence Auction which is achieves the lowest operational costs and the lowest prices. Low-cost leadership able to provide lowest-cost goods but high quality services in the meantime boil downs problems towards the consumers. The key element of Aalsmeers low-cost leadership strategy is the interface to supply train in coiffe to do to the change of customer requirements.In nine to gain competitive utility, Aalsmeer has to change the tralatitious business way, it is because of the electronically driven flower market (FTMS college, n.d.). Firstly, its create innovation in Aalsmeer from conventional way. These strategies redefine value chain means that Aalsmeer do not necessita te to go through middle man and go out straight foregoing to customers, all toldsalers or retailers. Mean epoch, retailer stick out straight away aim the flower with the auction and do not affirm to pass through the process that transaction with cash and carry stores and others. Consequences, issues would go on easier if retailers basin rise to power to their information to serve their involve and suppliers knowing stock availability to respond to their needs. In this case, Aalsmeer able to continuous replenish once receive order for new merchandise of fresh flowers from retailer when stock are limited. This enables the high speed in production, order, and payment cycles meanwhile reduce operation and procurance cost and increase productivity. with the meshing site, the customers, wholesalers, exporters, importers, cash and carry stores or retailers can place their order through online. Because they are order with large amount of flowers, the auction can give them disco unt or allow up in order to strengthence the link between wholesalers and retailer. So that they go forth obligate more resource and more capital to compete with from several(prenominal)ly one other with low-cost leadership strategy because once they change from traditional business way to net profit, for sure the flower cost volition be cheaper than market price. The competitive advantages with satisfy consumer tastes which are provided fresher flower equalise with market and deliver it to door step in the shortest time.In this case, the better example is Air Asia. Customers can book air flight slate through Air Asia website with the requirements of personal degrees and fare payment by credit card. The whole process provide be done in 15 minutes. This is thingumajig, efficiency and effectiveness for the public.By applying this strategy in Aalsmeer Website is able to deliver the highest customer satisfaction by adapt retailer trustworthy. Through Aalsmeer Web site, visi tors gain equivalent advantage as the walk in dis dearpers in the sophisticated services, for example online customer support system that able to track the ordering from customers and disclose the time of deli precise to the customers. Customers able to shop through their personal page, refer to the online catalogue, place orders and deposit into the shopping cart. In addition, it go away enable the innovation of auction because website selling or e-business is in truth unfamiliar at the earth.2.2 Product DifferentiationProduct differentiation strategy can use to achieve the objective. Product differentiation means that use IS to enable the new services and products or even change the doodad of customers by using existing products and services (Laudon, K.C. Laudon, J.P., 2009). Nowadays, people prefer online order flower rather than walk in (Articlesbase, 2005-2011). Through the net, customers can subscribe to send flower to anyone who lives in the other side of world. It is amazing that engineering science can do nowadays. (Riversdale Flowers, n.d.)Another example leave be dingle Inc. They make sell directly to their customers using assemble-to-order manufacturing (SCM Focus, n.d.). Means that, customers can buy computers directly from Dells through the website or using a toll-free shout out number. Once Dells production received order, it will directs an assembly plant from an on-the-spot(prenominal) warehouse to assemble the computer by using components base on the configuration condition, and then send to their customers.Therefore, Aalsmeer has to start to use product differentiation strategy which is create service that is personalized and customized to fit the consummate specifications of case-by-case customers and strengthen the link with wholesalers and retailers. They can get supply and purchase from growers and buyers by using toll-free telephone number or by accessing Aalsmeers web site. Customer will to a fault surely experience gre at convenience when they order flowers online.By using standard parcel to order introduce the product available, Aalsmeer would have the advantage to view through the inventory direct from local growers or even growers from outside of the country by conscionable one click without billing and traditional phone calls. In this case, the software able to ensure the supply fulfills the market demands especially during peak season like Valentines Day, Christmas Day etc. Apart from this, Aalsmeer can get the advantage to distribute flowers and plants to end customers. In the meantime, Aalsmeer can position itself to compete on the uniqueness of its products and services with characteristics of healthful-known brand image, a strong reputation.Obviously, product differentiation and low-cost leadership strategies helps Aalsmeer to increase market share because it can non- tarry operate, which means 24 hours a days, as long as the internet connection is on. Therefore, it can be the whole world business. Simultaneously, with the strategy, the auction can gain more customers and gain more order, they can manage to have a more accurate ordering system. Hence, it will be a good opportunities for the auction to try out the new strategy.Information electric pig (IS) and Information Technology (IT)IS and IT are used by organisations to develop their business through the electronic. It is to complete new efficiency level, profitability and competitiveness. Although the terms are typically used interchangeable, they are different.IS is interrelated components that manage information to support decision making and control and to help with analysis, visualization and product creation. It likewise more efficiency to tolerate and flourish, expand their reach to far-off locations, offer new products and services, reorganize jobs and workflow and significantly change the way they operated to reduce the expenditure.Additionally, IT is the vexedware and software a business uses to achieve objective. (Scribd, n.d)2.3 Enterprise imaging Planning (ERP)Nowadays, internet technology had created a highly synchronized industry value chain which called value web. This value web is a conference of independent company, so Aalsmeer can use this IT to organize their value chain to online deli very(prenominal)(prenominal) service for their current market collectively. It will result in a less linear fashion that drives and operates by more customers than the Aalsmeers presently traditional value chain.Figure 3 shows that value web synchronizes the Aalsmeer online business workflow of customers, trading partner, and supplier in florist industry.Figure 3 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)(Source from http//joomlacenterng.com/beta/open-solutions/erp-solutions)ERP is a system for Aalsmeer to good keep tracking for wholesalers, importers, exporters, retailers and stock aging through internet. Moreover, when the customers place an order, the selective information will f low automatically to other parts of the auction. Meanwhile, wholesalers and retailers can get the latest Aalsmeers stock balance available and current prices through internet and too able to order on the spot.Customer relationship watchfulness (CRM) system helps to establish a single tool for Aalsmeer website and also in everyday business processes with retailers and growers. The internal CRM able to lowering inventory cost which link with the growers. Key values of external CRM are improved disposition with the high bargaining power of customers and speed up on decisions making, which can shorten the project durations on delivering services using e-business.The strategic fate for front-office CRM and back-office, core-operation ERP comes from the differences in Aalsmeer vendors across the countries. Most of the companies used different systems but each system unconnected, thus CRM and EPR of enterprise application are chosen to close the gaps of suppliers and buyers. The essent ial of two systems is where it coax the independently front-office and back-office operations to work well together and incorporate as corporate suit to prompt replacement of stock for the customers.Moreover, Supplier chain management system is for Aalsmeer to insert supplier database. This included term and offer prices by supplier, supplier companies detail and also flowers purchase entry data, reference number and prices (Tech-FAQ, n.d). Furthermore, the accounting department will be notified and send invoice to the customers. The representatives of customer service will phonograph recording the progress of order through every step to update their orders and then inform the customers.Human resource management system is to manage the workers record. It offers benefits administration to workers by self-service for the contract information. The main objective of this system is to reduce the paper works once the Aalsmeer become wide transaction. (EXTOL, n.d.)Additionally, the manu facturing resources planning system is a highly integrated and complex solution controlling the absolute manufacturing management activities. It included supply chain planning, inventory management, sales order administration, claim processing, procurement planning, transportation and distribution. This system increases the plant utilization force and production rate. (EXTOL, n.d.)ERP enable the auction the flexibility to respond rapidly to customers requests while producing and stocking inventory with what is needed to fulfill existing orders. Their ability to increase accurate and on-time deliver, reduce costs and increase customers satisfaction adds to firm profitability. Additionally, ERP provide company-wide information to help the manager of the auction to analyse the profitability or cost structures easily. (Laudon, K.C. Laudon, J.P., 2009)3.0 Applying Methodology on New corpseIn order to variety up the ERP system, I would like to recommend Aalsmeer to use the alternativ e method acting which is System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) to build up the system. Indeed, SDLC is a sequential series of activities that structured step-by-step for the information system of teaching. It includes hexad key strains which from initial feasibility study to maintenance of completed application. Figure 4 below shows the traditional SDLC method which referred to as Waterfall methodology. (Haag, S. Cummings, M., 2008)3.1 System Development Life Cycle model (SDLC)Figure 4 SDLC traditional method(Source from http//www.websoftwareqa.com/2011/01/applying-qa-to-waterfall- maturation-wait-what/)Feasibility StudyBefore the system approve, feasibility must be assessed which is the first stage of SDLC. Feasibility study is used to chequer and produce a project plan and budget planning for the ontogeny future if the project will be proceed (Start vb dotnet, 2004-2010). Meanwhile, the auction should provide more detail description that required identifying the technical, e conomic and operational feasibility analysis. (Ambysoft, 2005-2010)Typically, transactions benefits is gained from new system, technical concerns, related costs and development time, if these analyses are feasible, then the auction can be proceed to next stage. However, if the end is unfeasible then that should be abandoned and redo.Requirement AnalysisThe analysis is the come abouting stage, it is for Aalsmeer to verify how the system is processes, what kind of information and new systems are needed and where there are problems.Indeed, Aalsmeer can pass through the existing put downation and researchnaire or interview with workers to determine the problems and then improve it. Meanwhile, business transaction details and standard of coiffeance need to be specified and examined. After that, analyses the information and prepares a document which should include user requirements, managements and recommended plan to develop the new system. (Zwass, V., 1998)DesignThe primary goal of design course is to construct a technical blueprint based on the question of how the proposed system will work (Haag, S. Cummings, M., 2008). This stage is for Aalsmeer to learn how the software should perform when they create a layout and the design will based on Aalsmeer needs like purchases and sales records. Moreover, analysis is constantly made from the layout because this is the first thing to show customers. And the final result and structure are typically based on the initial design.Aalsmeer has to carefully explain each step and make sure everything is done because it is very crucial in the whole development cycle. Any glitch in the design phase could be very expensive in the implementation stage or perhaps the other developers will understand the software and then break it, so it will be threaten the Aalsmeers operation. (GeekInterview, 2005-2011)System ImplementationThe following phase will be the implementation system. This phase will take all the detail design docume nts from design phase and transform to an actual system. It is for the Aalsmeer to improve, integrate, and purify for several times until they are ready for testing. Software artifacts was build such as catalogs, ordering format, payment format with an online help system to guide customers in their connections with the systems.TestingIn this phase the system is tested as a whole and to ensure that interfaces between modules work (integration testing), the system works integrated into the total system when function well and that the system does what the user requires (acceptance testing) (Haag, S. Cummings, M., 2008). As a case study for Aalsmeer, it will be a test whether every data is converts from old system to new system. After that, Aalsmeer will use the new system directly. For sure, the old database have to keep as backup will be better.MaintenanceMaintenance is the final phase of SDLC. It is necessary for the finished of successful project on a development to ensure the new system is supported and monitor for the business goal. But, it is take a shit that changes arise when the project is passed to the end user. So, the developers must find a way that can be adaptable to those changes when they implement the project. Lastly, Aalsmeer has to ensure that those changes are not influence the key operation of software.This is the overall system methodology track which will help Aalsmeer to cope with the ever-changing environment.4.0 Impact and EffectivenessOnce a new system had developed, there will be nigh effect and daze to few parties, such as organisation, management and employees. And the impact can be advantages and disadvantages.4.1 OrganisationSystematic play a very important role because when an organisation without system, it will be in disorder, and everything will go confuse. Moreover, new system can increase efficiency of the whole organisation process, which means from the top to bottom of the organisation can announce well with a systema tic transaction process. It is sure that will be decrease on employees work load and increase in long-term profit for the decrease of number of employee caused, because everything will do through the new system automatically. For instance, manager can just through the system by one click to get the total sales immediately.Beside, when starting a system, an unheralded cost will be needed at the first time. Of course, the system is difficult to maintain and changes if the system error was occurred. Moreover, Aalsmeer hard to verify the customers tastes and everything computerize that will estrange the customers.4.2 ManagementOn the management aspect, a new system will generate the statement, invoice, report or arrange document systematically time by using computer. The whole process will be more effectiveness and hold open time, because all can be done in shorter. The new system will organize the workload automatically to reduce the burden to the management. Furthermore, there will not have any excuse from employees when they do not perform well, this obviously can avoid argument between manager and employees. Additionally, there will a huge amount of orders from customers by using the new system and all business transaction data will be recorded understandably and quickly.However, there are such of disadvantages for the applying new system too. It will very difficult to repair if the system process error occurs during the on the job(p) hours and hard to continue the operation, because the system might down or even has to stop the operation for the repairing. Perhaps, they will get a lot of complains from their customers too.4.3 EmployeeManpower will be affected too. Firstly, amount of employees will be decrease, because everything can be done by automatically with the new system. For the long-term, it can be save cost for Aalsmeer. Next, the quality and efficiency of employee increase because they just need to follow the system to do what they should be don e without the confusing document processes. Obviously, the working flow will be more efficiency and reliable.Otherwise, before the new system applying, Aalsmeer should train their employee in order to get use for the new system. Then there will be a large amount of training fees. Beside, senior staffs prefer old system because of well reading whether its complicated. Of course, the use of new system will decrease the job fortune to the public.5.0 ConclusionIn conclusion, although there are such advantages and disadvantages on the new system, the system is useful nowadays because the people habits are always changing with the new technology. Furthermore, the electronically had already driven to the flower market and the rest of electronically cannot be ignored in this world. Therefore, implement the new system into an organisation is very important and it is not only for increase of profit, and also can compete with the competitors with positive competition.

Looking At Laboratory Information Systems Information Technology Essay

Looking At research lab Information Systems Information engine room EssayINTRODUCTIONHealthc are is always a top precedency within any collection of individuals, whether it is the workforce, schools, churches, communities, states, countries etcetera This is beca mathematical function mortality rates are directly affected by the level of healthcare easy, and rough-and-ready productivity is hooked on good health and high mortality rates. developed nations tend to invest large sums of money into healthcare, in order to check most ailments before they become epidemics, however, due to lack of emphasis on the importance of healthcare, Afri prat nations suffer from low mortality rates ca employ by lack of proper research research science science lab procedures and equipment, to screen and accurately diagnose problems forwards of time.Even though we are now in a super advanced expert era, Nigerian hospitals still conduct interrogationifys, entropy collection, and calculati ons manual(a)ly, exit a huge informaling for errors which could lead to wrong diagnosis and in turn, wrong treatment.As we clements become ever change magnitudely dependent on computer technology in our daily lives, it and so would be appropriate to utilize technological solutions to problems conventional methods prove inefficient at.These problems can be solved with the wont of a right on assembled software program agreement to manage all administrative tasks in the laboratories.The most effective use of technology to solve to these dilutes would be carried out using open blood line software popularly know as a Laboratory Information System (L.I.M.S).The model of this work seeks to provide an coating which de break dance en able vital functionalities such(prenominal)(prenominal) as proper documentation and memory of unhurried education, patient situation specimen/sample tracking, and most important, patient discharge results.In the light of the above, the propose d remains applies the web finishing development come along in its study architecture and processing, however this schema pull up stakes waiver on a local machine as opposed to runway on a remote mete outr everywhere the internet. consequently at completion of this work, the end product should be a Laboratory reading management system which handles activities in the lab from the foundation of a patient to the science laboratory to the generating of a test result or Laboratory report. emphasize OF engageThe study for the development of the laboratory randomness management system uses a health check laboratory facility Bakor checkup laboratory as its case study. probes indicate that the following steps or procedures are undertaken in the process of getting tested in the health check laboratory.On penetration into the laboratory a document known as the long-suffering Investigation form. This form features nurture such as the Patients name, age sex, on picking th is form the patient is indeed billed.The patient Investigation form is indeed transferred to a second laboratory attendant who then uses the information retrieved from the aforementioned(prenominal) form to fill the laboratory request bear.STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMIn recent times, due to increase in population, on that point is constant twinge on providers of various services to provide innovative methods of dispensing a salubrious amount of services to great amount of people in the shortest contingent time. Consequently, organizations are constantly resorting to technological solutions to meet up with the ever increasing demand for quality and speedy service de colouredy and with virtually everything in our day to day lives being technologically impelled, should there not be a scenario where paper documentation is completely annihiformer(a)d from medical exam laboratories?, where a system is adopted in which patient account take fors and data are correctly stored such a s to enable features such as patient/ visitor history tracker, where a returning patients history can aid the laboratory in deducing what type of test a visitor would request for, statistical reports generation where useful statistical information is inferred ground on test results e.g whether or not there is an increase or decrease of spic-and-span HIV infections, should there not be a software/application where other stakeholders in the health-care delivery processes such as doctors and pharmacists beget rag to laboratory generated information to aid in their health-care administration?, should the retrieval of patient test records be slow and cumbersome?, why must results be entered directly on the result document, and then a embossment reduplicate is unavailable. Questions such as these will serve as a take up to the development of a robust system than manages various tasks in the medical laboratory.1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONSBased on the statement of the problems above the r esearch head teacher for this study areHow will the development of a laboratory information management System greatly increase the laboratorys efficiency?OBJECTIVE OF STUDYTo design a robust Laboratory information System that will efficiently aid in the running of the laboratory facilityTo hold and provide timely information about each visitor to the laboratoryTo reduce the need to hire staff through the proper application of technological solutions therefore cutting cost.With a proper functioning and comprehensively designed application, Laboratory tasks such the following can be achievedSAMPLES worryA LIMS can automate the management of samples. An organization can configure its analytical parameters and calculations into the LIMS before implementing the software in the laboratory. After sample registration, the system can print barcodes which it can scan at the end of the analytic thinking when loading results into the LIMS. The system can check the completed results, automati cally authorize those which comply with specifications and reporting (but not validating) out-of-specification results. A LIMS may release or retain lots and batches, according to a laboratorys specifications and calculations.Once results come available for the labs clients or owners, they can extract them inPDF, XMLor spreadsheet files from the LIMS interface. (Note that moving inferior data to a spreadsheet may lose the traceability of changes).LABORATORY USERSOne may configure a LIMS for use by an unlimitednumber of users. individually user owns an interface, protected by security mechanisms such as a login and a password. Users may have customized interfaces. A laboratory manager dexterity have full access to all of a LIMS functions, whereas technicians might have access only to functionality needed for their individual work-tasks.ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS AUTOMATIONAs of 2009LIMS implementations can manage laboratory sampling, consumables sampling schedule and financial (invoic es). background OF STUDYBakor checkup centre has various departments and sections ground on the issue at hand to be dealt with however this study focuses mainly on the lab processes, including data collection and management.This study takes the patient from the moment of entry into the medical centre, filling forms, up till the moment the test is taken, from that tailor onwards the study will focus on the methods used by the laboratory attendant to collect and store data, through recording of findings and obligingness of resultsThis study will also concentrate on data backup and retrieval methods and will highlight potential errors and problems that could be encountered if the entire process was carried out manually instead of using a well tack together computer application.SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDYThe Computer establish Laboratory information management System is quite desirable as it will proceeds the laboratory in the area of repetitive task automation. It will serve as an assi stant to the medical laboratory scientist. It will also gain ground patients as they will be able to retrieve record from introductory visits to the laboratory.LIMITATIONS OF STUDYThe limitations of this study includeInability to obtain actual test result document, as this goes against medical ethics for a third ships company to view Laboratory specimen or test results.Unavailability of capable laboratory scientist at the study locations to properly explain terms and laboratory procedures.LITERATURE REVIEWFrom tasting piss to microscopy to molecular testing, the sophistication of symptomatic techniques has come a long way and continues to develop at dangerous speed. The history of the laboratory is the story of care fors evolution from empirical to experimental techniques and proves that the clinical lab is the true source of medical authority.Three distinct periods in the history of medicine are associated with three dissimilar places and therefore different methods of dete rmining diagnosis From the snapper ages to the 18th century, bedside medicine was prevalent then between 1794 and 1848 came hospital medicine and from that time forward, laboratory medicine has served as medicines lodestar. The laboratorys contribution to modern medicine has only recently been recognized by historians as something more than the addition of another resource to medical erudition and is now being appreciated as the seat of medicine, where clinicians account for what they prise in their patients.The first medical diagnoses make by humans were based on what ancient medicos could observe with their eyes and ears, which sometimes also include the examination of human specimens. The ancient Greeks attributed all disease to disorders of bodily fluids called humors, and during the late medieval period, doctors routinely performed uroscopy. subsequent, the microscope revealed not only the cellular structure of human tissue, but also the organisms that cause disease. More sophisticated diagnostic tools and techniques such as the thermometer for measuring temperature and the stethoscope for measuring heart rate were not in widespread use until the end of the 19th century. The clinical laboratory would not become a standard fixture of medicine until the beginning of the twentieth century.Ancient diagnostic methodsIn ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, the earliest physicians made diagnoses and recommended treatments based primarily on observation of clinical symptoms. Palpation and auscultation were also used. Physicians were able to describe dysfunctions of the digestive tract, heart and circulation, the liver and spleen, and menstrual disturbances unfortunately, this empiric medicine was reserved for royalty and the wealthy.Other less-than-scientific methods of diagnosis used in treating the middle and lower classes included divination through ritual sacrifice to counter the outcome of illness. Usually a sheep would be killed before the statue of a god . Its liver was examined for malformations or peculiarities the shape of the lobes and the orientation of the common duct were then used to predict the fate of the patient.Ancient physicians also began the practice of examining patient specimens. The oldest known test on soundbox fluids was done on water in ancient times (before 400 BC). Urine was poured on the ground and find to see whether it attracted insects. If it did, patients were diagnosed with boils.The ancient Greeks also saw the value in examining body fluids to predict disease. At close to 300 BC, Hippocrates promoted the use of the mind and senses as diagnostic tools, a principle that played a large part in his reputation as the Father of Medicine. The central Hippocratic principle of humoral pathology attributed all disease to disorders of fluids of the body. To obtain a clear house painting of disease, Hippocrates advocated a diagnostic protocol that included tasting the patients water supply, listening to the lungs, and law-abiding skin color and other outward appearances. Beyond that, the physician was to catch the patient as an individual. Hippocrates related the appearance of bubbles on the surface of pissing specimens to kidney disease and chronic illness. He also related certain water system sediments and root and pus in piddle to disease. The first description of haematuria or the presence of blood in urine, by Rufus of Ephesus surfaced at well-nigh AD 50 and was attributed to the failure of kidneys to function properly in filtering the blood.Later (c. AD 180), Galen (AD 131-201), who is recognized as the founder of experimental physiology, created a system of pathology that combined Hippocrates humoral theories with the Pythagorean conjecture, which held that the four elements (earth, air, fire, and water), corresponded to various combinations of the physical qualifies of dry, cold, hot, and moist. These combinations of physiologic characteristics corresponded roughly to t he four humors of the human body hot moist = blood hot dry = yellow bile cold moist = unconcern and cold dry = black bile. Galen was known for explaining everything in light of his theory and for having an explanation for everything. He also described diabetes as diarrhea of urine and noted the normal relationship between fluid intake and urine volume. His unwavering belief in his own infallibility appealed to complacency and reverence for authority. That bigotry essentially brought innovation and discovery in European medicine to a standstill for nearly 14 centuries. Anything relating to anatomy, physiology, and disease was simply referred back to Galen as the final authority from whom there could be no appeal.Middle AgesIn medieval Europe, early Christians believed that disease was either punishment for sin or the result of witchcraft or possession. Diagnosis was superfluous. The basic therapy was prayer, penitence, and invocation of saints. sic medicine based diagnosis on symp toms, examination, pulse, palpitation, percussion, and inspection of excreta and sometimes semen. Diagnosis by water casting (uroscopy) was practiced, and the urine flask became the token of medieval medicine. By AD 900, Isaac Judaeus, a Jewish physician and philosopher, had devised guidelines for the use of urine as a diagnostic aid and under the capital of Israel Code of 1090, failure to examine the urine exposed a physician to public beatings. Patients carried their urine to physicians in decorative flasks cradled in wicker baskets, and because urine could be shipped, diagnosis at long distance was common. The first book detailing the color, density, quality, and sediment found in urine was written around this time, as well. By around AD 1300, uroscopy became so widespread that it was at the point of near universality in European medicine.Consequently, the clinical laboratory became a standard fixture of medicine at the beginning of the twentieth century it is now an integral pa rt of the health-care delivery process and is seen as the basis for medical diagnosis.In recent times a medical laboratory scientist (MLS), formerly known as a medical engine driver (MT) or clinical laboratory scientist (CLS), functions as a medical detective, performing laboratory tests that provide physicians with information that assists them in preventing, diagnosing and treating diseases and maintaining patient wellness.The medical laboratory scientist performs a wide variety of laboratory tests, ranging from simple dipstick urine tests to complex DNA tests that help physicians assess risk of diseases. Using test results, physicians can uncover diabetes, cancer, heart attacks, infections and many other diseases.Medical laboratory scientists interact with physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other members of the healthcare team to provide timely, accurate information so the patient can receive the correct medical treatment.Medical laboratory scientists use sophisticated biomedi cal instruments and technology, microscopes, complex electronic equipment, computers, and methods requiring manual dexterity to perform tests on blood, body fluids, and tissue specimens. Clinical laboratory testing sections include clinical chemistry, hematology, Immunohematology (Blood Bank), immunology, microbiology and molecular diagnostics.EFFECTS OF MEDICAL LABORATORIESMedical Laboratories have played a pivotal role over the years. As stated above, in ancient times, physicians relied on various inaccurate actor of disease diagnosis such as urine tasting, listening to the lungs etc. However with the advent and subsequent evolution of modern medical laboratory facilities, plus the discovery of the cellular nature of human tissue and the intent of the microscope, medical diagnosis made a tremendous leap from a 50-50 truth ratio to an 80% accuracy rating for laboratory based medical diagnosis. Therefore the use of medical laboratories has greatly increased the accuracy of diagno sis thusly the physician can administer the proper lovely of treatment.The use of laboratories has also led to various discoveries, such as natural strands of Viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. It also acts as a monitor for new strands of drug repellent bacteria.CHALLENGES FACED BY MEDICAL LABORATORIESThe main challenges and bottle-necks encountered by medical laboratories over the years include.Inability to preserve patient samples or specimens such as blood, sputum, stool, over a long period of time for reference purposes hence making patient to specimen matching and tracking,Efficient information sacramental manduction and retrieval between the laboratory scientist and those administering treatment has been a problem.MEDICAL LABORATORIES IMPROVEMENTS AND THE future(a)For the efficient functioning of the diagnosis system, health-care delivery, scientific research into bacteriology and disease cause organisms, technology should be applied to automate administrative tasks , such as the visitor registration and result documentation. By making judicious use of computer software to automate and manage tasks in the laboratory there will be a dramatic increase in its efficiency.Consequently this will greatly reduce the need to recruit and pay personnel department to defend out administrative duties therefore such resources can be channeled towards more important needs of the laboratory.TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM/PROGRAMMING vocabulary TO BE USED IN STUDYThe technologies to be used in the development of this Laboratory Information Management system is an open source computer programming language known as PHP, together with a MYSQL driven database, a solid browser based application will be developed.PHP PHP also known as Hypertext Pre-processor, it belongs to a class of languages known as middleware (Needham, 2006). These languages work closely with the web server to interpret the request made from the web, processes these request, interact with other programs on the server to fulfill the request and then indicates to the web server exactly what to serve to the clients browser.It is the leading web programming language for design of web applications. It possesses a language similar to C, coffee or Pearl. Its uses include retrieving user input and saving it in a database, retrieving information from a database and general data manipulation processes.THE CLIENT obviously refers to end users of an application that connect to a remote server to carry out computational processesTHE host An application known as a web server listens for requests a client makes, responds to those requests and serves out the appropriate solution (Greenspan, 2002)MYSQL Refers to an open source relational database management system with a plume of programs that access and manipulate these records. (Descartes, 2003).It is arelational database management system (RDBMS)that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases.APACHE WEB SERVERApac he is a web server notable for playing an important role in the initial growth of the world-wide web.It is responsible for accepting Hypertext Transfer communications protocol (HTTP) request from web client (web browsers) and serving the HTTP responses along with optional data content which usually are HTML pages.These political platforms are used in this research work becauseThere are open source import there are free to use and develop with without having to purchase licenses or fulfill any legal obligation to the owners of the technology.It is easy to deploy on a local machineIts hardware requirements are minimal therefore making its installation and usage less cumbersome.Developer tools and support services for the platform/technology are readily available at absolutely no cost.DATA COLLECTED FOR LABORATORY TESTLab Investigation trope This form is used for general patient registration and data collection. information collected on this form includePatient NamePatient ageHospi tal NumberSpecimenBlood Specimen indifferenceStoolUreaVarious SwapInvestigation RecordClinic enlargeName of DoctorLab Request Book Used to record Patients data for that day.NameLab Investigation DoneAmount sequence inData Collected for lab testsLab result book (Used for recording patients results)Patients Name fancy of birthGenderTest ResultsDateHospital registration NumberExtra CommentsSUMMARYThe use of technological solutions greatly reduces costs, increase profits, save human effort and provide burst services to customers/clientsThe use of an LIS (Laboratory information System) in the running of a medical laboratory facility greatly improves the documentation process makes patients records retrieval a lot easier and faster, records are not lost and are kept safe(p) via regular backup of the available data.With the use of a Laboratory information system, various kinds of data deductions, surveys and reports can be easily generated for statistical purposes such as the average pe rcentage of persons with a certain kind of disease, genetic constitution or blood type etc.CONCLUSIONA properly developed Medical Laboratory information system will greatly increase productivity, increase the quality of services delivered by the facility and greatly reduce the amount of man hours put into the delivering the laboratory services

The role of women in society and the church

The role of wo hands in society and the churchIntroductionI am going to hold forth the role of women in the church and contentious issues, particularly when the handing overs such as 1 Timothy 211-14, and 1 Corinthians 1334 take to task slightly women should be silent in church. And slightly discuss the women in the society.The Role of Women in the SocietyWomen in the modern societyWomen at once be coming forth in modern social trends. This womens liberation movement may appear too extreme and rather threatening to the objet dartlike ego, yet the role of women in current society has drastic aloney changed. by chance there is some(prenominal) explanation for their actions. Women argon now regularly acting duties that were traditionally assigned to males. They are attempting to fight the continuing stereotype accomplished during the earlier part of the century. The pretty image of the perfect fifties married adult female is rapidly evolving into a more than suitable pr ojection to accommodate their newly role in todays society.More than two generations ago, a girl was judge to abandon her academic pursuits and assume the role of a housewife. She would completely perpetrate herself to the preservation of the female-oriented position of homemaker. As time has progressed, fluctuations in the economy relieve oneself made it necessary for a woman to obtain a go in order to fit in the society.Strange as it may seem, the family roles keep non changed much in todays society. date girls and women (not only Polish) get to more opportunities in home based employment, the traditional roles of women are solace quite evident. They are unagitated the caring provider and nurturer of young infants and children, the solace for the crying child and the feminine presence of the household. While the husbands role has modify into more household chores and the cooking and cleaning up responsibilities, they are still considered the head of the household. In the absence of the man, can the woman really be like the man? I think yes. There are women who are open(a) in finance, Do-It-Yourself fixtures and fittings, even being a capable single parent and bread winner. In this respect, women go forth have to be like the man. Of course, the woman cannot match the physical strength of the man. The another(prenominal) look of thinking like the man is a definite no. This is with experience. Women generally look at the details and for circumvent or so the oerall picture. They have the capability of juggling more than one issue at a time unlike the man. And she is more tempered to her feelings. And because of this, the nidus is not there to make a sound judgment. Men on the other hand, are more focus and look at one involvement at a time. They are less prone to feelings and therefore they are better at seeing the overall picture. I think for this matter, a man balances up the woman and vice versa.If we look at the simulation of a family with the wife who tries to be like the man, we have a home where the roles are different now, because of the presence of the man. Man, no matter how gifted or ungifted have a certain ability to say that he is the man in the house. And for the wife to usurp his position there will be certain unrest in the overall traffichip. This may not be currently evident but it will become an issue at a later stage. Subtle hints are always there and if the wife chooses not to suspect or confront the situation, it will lead to a crisis.Men and Women in Worship.I will begin by what capital of Minnesota stated concerning men and women in idolization that men should adopt a respectful attitude as they pray and as well as women should pray with an summit of respect, just like men. It might be a different amour in that church which Paul was addressing. Women face particular problem, in that it is diffuse for them to become preoccupied with their appearance and with looks that take time to achiev e. Its straightforward that Descent and Honorable behave matters far more to God than jewels and expensive clothes. Beside if Christian women who posses Gods worship are too concerned about their external appearance they will forget the essential and will have neither the time of doing good deed.Its important to emphasize that Paul was not forbidding beautiful jewelry or lovely hair styles to all Christian women of all time was warning against becoming so affiliated to clothes and fashions and forgets the most important thing that is pleasing God by doing good deeds.Paul Advice Women to Be Quite During TeachingsThis advice has raised much count among Christians in Africa, especially since the raise of feminist theology that asserts among other things, the rightly of women express themselves. Certain versions of the Bible have tried to get to get around the problem of translating 211 in a more acceptable way while still being true in the spirit of the text. The massage translate s this as i dont let women to take over and tell men what to do. This translation assume that Paul give this advice because women were talk positions of authority and even of dominance over men, which was unacceptable in the enculturation of that day. The requirement for belt up in association with teaching may also indicate that the women were talkative during time of teaching and worship.Paul advice women to be silence not because of inferior, but as a sign of their submission to men and of acknowlight-emitting diodegment of mens authority. They will hence be obeying the Oder that God established at creation. In applying this instruction in Kenya today, we need to think metricly about how women express their submission to authorities and to men.THE ROLES OF WOMEN IN CHURCH IN KENYA at presentThe role of women in the church is a contentious issue, particularly when passage 1 Timothy 211-14 is a regarded as laying muckle absolute rather than general principles within a parti cular kitchen-gardening. The focus should fall on the biblical call for all human beings to decern what is the will of God in their live ( roman 122) Jesus source mission of transformation for liberation. Means that women and men are equally called and empower to participate in the same mission in the church. What women and men do depends on our obedience to the guidance and empowerment of the Holy spirit.Because of the entrenched culture and sexist attitude and practices, and the male-dominated leadership in some of the churches especially in the Maasai land, women in Kenya church have critical and prophetic role to con in stirring waters and speaking the truth by assert their God given humanity and gift not for their avow interest of integrity of the gospel. many women in Kenya church have continue to contract their full potential and have taken leading roles. like the Samaritan woman ( John 41-42) when women in the Kenya church drink the water offered by Jesus, they go out to witness and spread the name of truth in their homes, villages, communities and churches with determination, boldness, courage and humility. for example the like of Teresia Wairimu, Esther Obasike, Bishop Magret Wajiru and many of great women of God which some have founded churches , preached, taught christian theology seminary schools and translated scripture into different languages in Kenya.Where the church have disceptationen the voice of the Holy Spirit , they have seduce that scripture grant women a plaza in all ministries of the church. And women have been rightly ordeined to serve in all ministries of the church.ConclusionA careful examination of the Bible will yield an understanding of Gods intent for women and men to be full and equal partners to serve and worship Him. Perhaps the easiest point to make and understand is that there are many biblical examples of women leaders. The following women were divinely called to lead, were affirmed by their religious commu nities, and were specifically recorded in scripture as part of Gods revealed truth. A few examplesMiriam prophet played major role in Exodus led worship singing and dancing.Deborah prophet judge led Israeli troops into battle with BarakLydia business woman who became a telephone exchange leader in the Philippian ChurchPriscilla helped Paul establish churches at Corinth and Ephesus change by reversal Apollos preachingPhoebe deacon commended by Paul for her religious service to the churchIf by shape God created women not to be leaders, then he would be going against his own order and intent to place women in leadership but God does not violate His own design.In the beginning humans were created male and female in par and partnership reflecting the image of God both individually and together as a plural unit. The sequence of creation does not signify vastness or superiority. Adam is not superior because he is first eve is not the new and improved model. Instead, eve is cal led Adams helper. The word helper, however, is not used as an indication of rank as in a boss and an assistant. The Hebrew word is ezer and is also used to separate God by Moses in Exodus 184 when he says, My fathers God was my helper he saved me from the sword of Pharaoh. Since God is called a helper also, we need to maintain the original rarefied biblical definition of this word, and not submit to a culturally displace interpretation in our understanding of Gods creation designAdam and Eve are both punished for disobeying God. One of the consequences of Eves sin was a distorted relationship with Adam. However, God in his mercy promised a reversal of the fall and restored divine and human relations done Jesus Christ.Restoration in Salvation Salvation through Christ reverses or removes the punishment of judgment. Individuals are restored to a relationship with God. While we live in a world where the effects of sin are still playing out, believers are now members of the Kingdom of God where comparison in him is restored. But even before Christ, faithful women were already pick places of leadership indicating that ones relationship with God has an impact that brings about a change on the judgment meted out at the fall.Refrence list1 The Bible2 http//www.gci.org/church/ministry/women6b4.Sanley J. Grenz (1950-2005) A Biblical deity of Women in Ministry. Wolfhart Pannenberg publisher.1

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde :: Free Essay Writer

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. HydeRobert Louis Stevenson in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde is grievous us that we fear the knowledge of our duality so we keep silent. We atomic number 18 afraid of the truth, ab bulge out ourselves, so we stay quiet. Everyone has a part of himself or herself that they dont reveal to anyone. We are afraid to show it simply when it comes out wed rather not talk about it.The write shows knowledge as a very important thing. Now I shall know you again, said Mr. Utterson. It may be useful. This quote is said when Mr. Utterson meets Mr. Hyde for the first-year time. Another quote that proves this is I wish to see or perceive no more of Dr. Jekyll. Lanyon said this after he had seen Mr. Hyde wriggle into Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Utterson was intercommunicate him questions about Dr. Jekyll. Lanyon, you remember your vows what follows is under the seal of our profession... Lanyon is about to find out about Dr. Jekylls secret.Another pa ttern that the author shows as creation important is fear. Mr. Utterson and Mr. Enfield were walking together and seen Dr. Jekyll in his house. They were talking to him when all of a sudden he started to change into Mr. Hyde. When they saw this they looked at each other, both were pale and had an answering horror in their eyes. I am afraid, I think there has been foul play. Poole says this when he goes and talks to Mr. Utterson about Dr. Jekyll. to a fault when Mr. Utterson and Poole want to talk to Dr. Jekyll and ask for him but find out that Mr. Hyde is at heart they swing an axe at his door. They hear a dismal screech, as of mere animal terror. Another way fear is shown is when Lanyon saw Mr. Hyde turn into Dr. Jekyll. O God and O God again and again. Lanyon said this after what he saw.Another major pattern is duality. You can see duality through out the whole book. One example is Mr. Utterson and Mr. Enfield. Mr. Utterson is very customary around town. He is also involved with the town. On the other communicate Mr. Enfield was everlastingly quiet and didnt do anything around the town. But they were always together. Another example is Dr.

Electronic Surveillance: Who Is Watching You? Essay -- Privacy vs Elec

When one walks out the mien door into the world, how awargon and conscious are they of how often they are watched, tracked, and monitored? by means of watch, everywhere one goes they are having their lives watched and invaded by prying eyes. Most hoi polloi believe society needs electronic supervision and that it is there to nurture them. Others believe society does not need surveillance and worry just about their concealment being invaded. Many argue about different issues relating to the pricey use of surveillance. Electronic surveillance has a broad range of means relations with past, present, and future events. There needs to be a balance amongst the benefits that surveillance employs in society and the misuse of surveillance that encroaches on the privacy of all.Although some are good and some are not, there are several purposes and reasons why society uses electronic surveillance. One main purpose of surveillance, and one of the most common, is for the utilization o f promoting safety. People in our society essential to feel safe from crime and danger in the world rough them. Authorities and law officials use the common means of video surveillance to capture those involved with illegal activity. For example, in the article Protecting macrocosm Anonymity, the authors state how law officials use video surveillance from a center field to monitor shoppers and to discover if there are any wanted persons. They also screen malls, or highly populated areas, to track all persons with anterior police records or all persons who have specific genetic, behavioral, religious, or cultural profiles that suggest they are more likely to engage in vile activities (Granger, Morgan and Elaine Newton). This creates problems because it is likely that everyon... ...hipps, Jennie L. and Leslie Ryan. Traffic Cameras Bringing Eyeballs to Station Sites. Electronic Media. 19 (2000) 16. donnish attempt Premier. EBSCOhost. Community College Library Media Center. 4 Mar. 2008.Smithsimon, Molly. Private lives, public spaces the surveillance state. Dissent 50.1 (Wntr 2003) 43(49). General OneFile. Gale. Community College. 15 Feb. 2008 .Someones observance videorecording. NY Times/ husking Times Channel Production. Discovery, 2005.Surveillance Tech. video recording. United States A&E Home Video, 2004Watching as you shop. Economist 385.8558(Dec 2007) 28-29. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost. Community College Library Media Center. 15 Mar. 2008.Wireless Eyes Watch for Crime. Communications News 44.9(2007)22-24. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost. Community College Library Media Center. 4 Mar. 2008.

Anoreixa Nervosa and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder :: Essays on Disorders

I. Introduction Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge consume disorder, have been hypothesized to have a blood with obsessional-compulsive disorder. However, there carcass a great amount of evidence in favor that anorexia nervosa and obsessive-compulsive disorder share more similarities than bulimia nervosa or binge take in disorder. The implications of integrating eating disorders with obsessive-compulsive disorder to create a family of disorders called obsessive compulsive spectrum disorder will be discussed. at that place remain slightly differences between eating disorders and obsessive compulsive disorders which further explore the correlational statistics. Furthermore, survey papers and primary investigate papers support that a correlation exists between eating disorders and obsessive compulsive disorders, and the research acknowledges the differences between the deuce disorders. However, two primary research papers do not study that t here exists a correlation between the two disorders. In all, the implications of the relationship between the two diseases, the treatment of the two diseases, and suggestions for further and diverse research will be explored II. The DSM-IV Definition of Anorexia Nervosa The DSM-IV translation of anorexia nervosa has four conditions. The definition states I) Refusal to take body weight for age and height 2) intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though underweight 3) disturbance in the way in ones body weight, size, or shape is experienced, undue diverge of body weight or shape on self-evaluation, or demurrer of the seriousness of the current low body weight and 4) in females, ammenorrhea (1). There remain two kinds of an nervosa as well the restricting the person has not regularly engaged in binge-eating or purging deportment- and the binge-eating/purging type.- in which the person has regularly engaged in these behaviors (1). Anorexia nervosa usually occurs dur ing adolescence and in females. This definition becomes important in understanding the relationship between anorexia nervosa and obsessivecompulsive disorder. III. The DSM-IV Definition of psychoneurotic Disorders. The DSM-IV definition of obsessive-compulsive disorder states an anxiety disorder, where it is define as obsessions and/or compulsions that cause marked straiten, are time-consuming, or interfere with functioning. Obsessions are defined as recurrent and persistent thoughts, impulses or images that are experienced as invasiive and ego-dystonic and that cause anxiety or distress. Compulsions are defined as ritualistic behaviors or mental acts that the person feels driven to perform in repartee to an obsession or according to rules that must be rigidly applied. The behavior or mental act is aimed at preventing or reducing distress or preventing some dreaded event or situation and is recognize as excessive or unreasonable (1).